2.5B - 2.6B Specialised & Stem Cells

embryonic stem cells

they can turn into any type of cell

the process by which a cell changes to become a specialised cell is called

cell differentiation

undifferentiated cells are also called

stem cells

stem cells are found in

human embryos and bone marrow in adults

pros of adult stem cells in medicine

adult stem cells from a healthy person can be transferred to a sick person in order to cure diseases such as paralysis and diabetes

pros of embryonic stem cells in medicine

embryonic cells from a healthy person can replace faulty cells to help sick people

cons of stem cells in medicine

stem cells grown in labs may become contaminated with a virus that could be passed on to the patient making them sicker

plant cell

palisade mesophyll - the top layer has the most chloroplasts for efficiency of photosythesis

sperm cell

its long tail allows it to swim to the egg and there is lots of mitochondria in the cell to exert energy needed for the long journey

blood cell

its biconcave shape increases the cells surface area. the area to volume ration allows an increase in their ability to take up and release oxygen