CHN 1-6 LEC ambot nlng jud oi AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH mich huhu

gikapoy nakoooooo

Community health

- extends realm of public health organized health efforts at community level through both government and private sectors

Community Health Nursing

- utilize nursing process in different levels of clients concerned with health promotion, disease prevention, disability, and rehabilitation.

GOAL OF CHN

raise level of citizenry by helping community and families to cope with discontinuities in and threats to health to maximize their potential for high level wellness

Programmer/Planner -

identify needs and concerns, formulate health plans, interprets and implement nursing plan & programs, assist health team in implementation.

Health educator/trainer/counsellor

- acts as resource speaker, advocates health programs, conducts advocacy, organizes orientations/training, identifies & interprets training needs, conducts and facilitates necessary training or educational orientation.

Community Organizer

- promotes self-reliance of community and emphasizes involvement and participation in planning. Initiates and implement community development activities

Coordinator of services

- coordinates health services with concerned individuals and families

Provider of Nursing Care

- renders direct care to various clients

Health monitor

- monitor and detects presence of health concerns, utilizes effective data gathering techniques and keeps eye on health status of all recipients of care.

Researcher

- systemic process of monitoring health status, conducts research, coordinates with government and non-government organizations to conduct studies

Statisticians

- records date systematically, reports concerned organizations, reviews reports, analyzes and interpret consolidated data

Change Agent

- promote and motivates change in community, instill self-reliance to brought about development and improvement of community

Core Values of CHN

1. Integrity

2. Professionalism

3. Competence

4. Commitment

5. Openness

6. Teamwork

7. Patriotism

Madeleine Leininger

cultural diversity of nurses to provide pt with culturally specific nursing care

Cultural Considerations:

- indiv may not necessary identify strongly with specific group just because she/he is born in it

-indiv may identify with more than one group

-may choose to practice selected custom of group while not honoring others

-how client identifies with culture, ethnic group, religion may affect health practices and care up to end of life

-rituals tend to become most important to indiv times of significant life

-when ethical dilemmas arise, leader of spiritual group may be consulted.

JEHOVAH’S WITNESS

-        Refuse blood transfusion

SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST

-        Prohibit pork, shellfish, alcohol, coffee, tea

HINDUS

-        Prohibit beef (all meat and alcohol for most devout)

-        Food is eaten with right hand (considered clean)

MUSLIM

-        Prohibit pork and alcohol. Meat must be cooked to well done since blood is forbidden.

-        Bread is required with each meal (God’s gift)

-        Food eaten with right hand

-        Beverages are consumed after meal

-        Fasting is start of remedy

-        High concerns for ingredients in mouthwash, nonhome foods, medication.

ROMAN CATHOLIC

-        Anointing of sick (last rites) for seriously ill

-        Attends mass, pray rosary, novena

-        Express devotion to Mother Mary & saints

-        Receiving sacraments and holy communion

-        Anointing the sick, reconciliation

-        Obser religious holidays and rituals

-        Going on pilgrims

Standards of care

Standard 1: Assessment

Standard 2: Diagnosis

Standard 3: Outcome Identification

Standard 4: Planning

Standard 5: Implementation

Standard 6: Evaluation

Standards of Professional Performance

Standard 7: Quality of Practice

Standard 8: Education

Standard 9: Professional practice evaluation

Standard 10: Collegiality and Professional Relationships

Standard 11: Collaboration

Standard 12: Ethics

Standard 13: Research

Standard 14: Resource Utilization

Standard 15: Leadership

EVOLUTION OF PHN in PH

DOH previously named Department of Public Works, Education, and Hygiene 1898

ü  1916-1918

- Ms Perlita Clark took charge of public health nursing.

 

ü  1917

- work in city schools to carry out school health services.

ü  1919

- first Filipino nurse supervisor Ms Carmen del Rosario.

ü  1923

- Government school of nursing: Zamboanga Gen Hospital School of Nursing in Mindanao and Baguio Gen Hospital in Northern Luzon to train Christian women and prepare to render seevice among their people

ü  1926

- Miss Carmen Legardo resigned and Miss Genara Manongdo replaced her. A ranking supervisor of American Red Cross.

ü  1927

- Philippine Health Services was abolished

ü  1928

- first convention of nurses followed by yearly convention until advent World War II

ü  1930

- section of PHN was converted to section of Nursing due to needs for guidance in hospital and nursing education.

 

ü  1933 -

Reorganization Act. No. 4007 transferred Division of Maternal and Child Health of Office Public Welfare Commission to the Bureau of Health.

 

ü  1941

- activities including 6 public health members of Metropolitan Division, Bureau of Health were transferred to new department.

ü  1942

- group of PHN, physicians, and administrators form manila went to Capas camp to receive sick prisoners of war released by Japanese Army

 

ü  1946

- post war records of Bureau of Health showed 308 PHN and 38 supervisors compared to prewar when there were 556 PHN and 38 supervisors.

 

ü  1947

- Oct. 8 Executive order No. 47 created Division of Nursing under the Office of Secretary of Health.

1948

- First training center of Bureau of Health

ü  1950

- Rural Health Demonstration and Training Center was established by DOH

ü  1953

- Office of Health Education and Personnel Training was established BY DR. TRINIDAD. Rep Act. 1082 RURAL HEALTH LAW

 

ü  1957

- Rep Act 1891 "enhance the provision of health and dental services in rural areas of the Philippines" was approved

ü  1958-1965

- Rep Act 977 was implemented. Division of Nursing was abolished

ü  1967

- Mrs. Zenaida was appointed as Nursing Program Supervisor and consultant of 5 special diseases: TB, leprosy, Venereal Disease, Cancer, Filariasis, Mental health

ü  1971 -

Mrs. Josefina Mendoza succeeded Mrs. Annie Sane as Nursing Consultant

ü  1974

- project management staff was organized as part of Population Loan II of Philippine government

ü  1975

- as result of restructuring of health care delivery system based on findings of Operation Research WHO. 2k midwives were trained to serve rural areas.

ü  1976-1986

- Nursing Consultant and Nursing Program Supervisor were involved in rural health practicd program

ü  1986

- reorganization of DOH, Mrs. Mendoza retired and Nursing Consultant was abolished

ü  1987-1989

- Executive order 119 reorganized DOH and created several offices and services within DOH

ü  1999

- Executive order No 102 was signed by Estrada, redirecting functions and operations of DOH

ü  2005-2006

- development of rationalization plan to streamline Bureaucracy

ü  2006 - PRESENT

- Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 was enacted under Rep Act No 9173 Changes underscore requirements for faculty and deans of nursing colleges as well as conducting of NLE

1.      General System Theory

- all things are interrelated in a system

2.      Social Learning Theory

- we adapt our behavior from experience

3.      The health belief model -

changes the belief of a person to promote health

4.      Milo’s Framework for Prevention

concepts of community – oriented, population- focused care. behavioural patterns of the populations-and individuals who make up populations – are a result of habitual selection from limited choices. Lack of knowledge, etc.

5.      Pender’s Health Promotion Model

believes that nurses focus more in treatment rather than promoting health.  Motivates individuals to engage in behaviors that promote their health

6.      Transtheoretical Model

- changes the habit of a person, six stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.

7.      PRECEDE-PROCEED Model -

more detailed way of health promotion. PRECEDE is before implementation such as planning and then PROCEED is start of implementation

Higher Education ACT of 1992

(RA NO. 7722)

PRC Modernization ACT of 2000

RA NO. 8981

12 Sectors of health-related professionals may be involved in community health activities as:

a. Health education

b. Health promotion

c. Health protection

d. Disease prevention

1.      Medical Practices (physician)

section 10 RA No. 2382

2.      Nursing Practice

section 28 RA No. 9173

3.      Midwifery Practice

section 23 RA No. 7392

4.      Nutrition and Dietetics

RA No. 1286

5.      Medical Technology

section 2 RA No. 5527

6.      Dental Care

section 4 Philippine Dental Act of 2007

7.      Sanitary Inspector

section 2 RA No. 1364

8.      Barangay Health Workers

section 3 RA No. 7883

 Pathologist

laboratory medicine, or gross and microscopic study and interpretation of tissues, secretion, excretion, etc.

 Medical Technologist

- work in medical tech under the supervision of a pathologist or physician.

 Medical Laboratory Technician

- qualified to assist a med tech or pathologist

 Commission of Population

- R.A. 6365 1971

 Nutrition Council

- formulates national food and nutrition policies & strategies.

Respect for autonomy

refers to freedom of action

Ø  Respect for Persons

Ø  Protection of Privacy

Ø  Provision of informed consent

Ø  Freedom of choice including treatment refusal

Ø  Protection of Diminished Autonomy

Beneficence

“we ought to do good and prevent or avoid doing harm”

Justice

- moral obligation to act on basis of fair adjudication between competing claims

ENTITLEMENT THEORY

everyone is entitled to whatever they get in the natural lottery at birth. Only aggression or harm against others and unjust acquisition of goods are prohibited

UTILITARIAN THEORY

- the best way to distribute resources among citizenry is to decide how expenditure will achieve greatest net of goods and serve the largest number of people

MAXIMIN THEORY

- first identifies the least advantaged number of communities

EQUALITARIAN THEORY

- “equality of net welfare for individuals” distributing goods in the community ensures that each citizen's needs are equally considered to achieve fairness in individual welfare.

In the “micro” setting

this means “fair equitable and appropriate distribution of services and resources such as medicine”

Health Services 

R.A 1082- Employment of more health personnel in rural areas, Rural Health Unit Act 

R.R 1054- Free Emergency Medical and Dental Treatment for the Employees 

R.A 7875- National Health Insurance Act 0f 1995 

R.A 7305- Magna Carta for Public health Workers 

R.A 7432- Senior Citizens Act of the Philippines 

R.A 9257- Expanded Senior Citizens of the Philippines 

R.A 7160- Local Government Code of 1991 

R.A 7719- National Blood Services Act of 1994 

Environmental Health 

P.D 856- Code of Sanitation 

R.A 9211- Anti-Tobacco/ No Smoking Campaign 

P.D 825- Penalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage/ Refuse Waste & other Forms of Uncleanliness 

R.A 8749- Clean Air Act of the Philippines 

Communicable Diseases 

R.A 3573- reporting of communicable disease 

R.A 4073- an act liberating the treatment of leprosy 

R.A 1136- TB law, reorganization division of Tuberculosis Control in the Department of health 

R.A 8504- Prevention & Control of HIV/AIDS 

Family Planning 

R.A 3753- Civil registry Law 

P.D 651- registration of Birth/Death in the Philippines from January 1, 1974 

P.D 965- Requiring application of marriage license to receive instruction on family planning & responsible parenthood 

E.O 209- Family Code of the Philippines 

Maternal and Child Nursing 

P.D – providing for compulsory Basic Immunization for all infants and Children below 8 years of age 

R.A 9288- Newborn Screening Act of 2004 

P.D 603- Child Youth Welfare Code 

E.O 51- Milk Code of the Philippines 

R.A 7600- Rooming-in & Breastfeeding Act of 1992 

R.A 8353- Anti-Rape Law 

R.A 7877- Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 

Nutrition  

P.D 491- Nutrition Act of the Philippines 

R.A 8976- Philippines Food Fortification Act of 2000

 

 

Medications  

R.A 6675- Generic Act of 1988 Safe Medication  

R.A 6425- Penalties for Violation of the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 

R.A 9165- Comprehensive Dangerous Act of 1972 

R.A 8423- Traditional & Alternative Medicine Act 0f 1997 

Professionals Concerns 

P.D 223- Creation of the PRC 

R.A 8981- PRC Modernization Act of 2000 

R.A 6758- Salary Standardization Law 

R.A 1080- Conversion of Bar and Board Examination as Civil Eligibility  

L.O.I 1000- Compulsory membership to professional association accredited by the PRC 

R.A 7164- Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 

R.A 9173- Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 

R.A 5921- An Act regulating the Practice of Pharmacy 

R.A. 7392- Philippine Midwifery Act of 1992

Sources of Pronouncement of Law 

1.      Philippine Constitution 

2.      Status or Legislation 

3.      Executive Orders 

4.      Case or Judicial opinions 

5.      Presidential Decrees 

6.      Letters of Instructions 

Privileged Communication  

- It is made in good faith, on any subject matter in which the party communicating has an interest, or in reference to which he has, or honesty believes he has a duty, and which contains matter which, without the occasion upon which it is made, would be defamatory and actionable.

Seal of secrecy

– duration of the prohibition must be forever remained until it is removed by the patient himself 

Testimony

- when a nurse testifies only on what she knows based on facts, otherwise known as testimony of facts. When invited to become a witness the nurse should seek the aid or counsel of a lawyer for guidance. 

Expert Witness-

one who is qualified to testify based on special knowledge, skill experience and training. Testimony of opinion may be given.

Foster care Act of 2012

is a system in which a minor has been placed into a ward, group home or private home of a state-certified caregiver, referred to as a "foster parent" or with a family member approved by the state. 

When you foster a child,

you are caring for them on behalf of the Local Authority and the birth parents.  Must be at least sixteen (16) years older than the child unless the foster parent is a relative; 

When you adopt a child,

you become their legal parent. This is permanent and the child has exactly the same legal status in your family as any other family member, which continues throughout their lifetime. 

Support Care Services.

The DSWD, LGU social service units, and agencies will provide support care services including counseling, home visits, child care training, respite care, skills training, and livelihood assistance.

Additional Exemption for Dependents.

The DSWD, LGU social service units, and agencies will provide counseling, home visits, child care training, respite care, skills training, and livelihood assistance.