Understanding Water and Climate Hazards

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to water and climate hazards, their causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies.

Sea Level Rise

The increase in the level of the world's oceans due to melting land ice and thermal expansion of water.

Thermal Expansion

The increase in volume of water as it is heated, contributing to sea level rise.

Drought

A prolonged dry period, characterized by a lack of precipitation leading to water shortages.

Urbanization

The increasing population in urban areas, often leading to more impermeable surfaces and increased flood risk.

Flooding

An overflow of water onto normally dry land, often caused by heavy rain, urbanization, and land surface conditions.

Hazard Equation

Risk = Hazard × Vulnerability × Value — used to calculate risks associated with climate-related hazards.

Climate Refugees

People who are forced to leave their homes due to climate-related disruptions, such as sea level rise or extreme weather.

Gravolometer

An instrument used to measure water discharge, especially in a river or creek.

Orographic Effect

The increase in precipitation that occurs when moist air is lifted over mountains.

Vulnerability Factors

Aspects that increase susceptibility to hazards, such as low elevation, proximity to coastlines, and weak infrastructure.