AP GOV UNIT 1 FRQ

FRQ 1 A

Supremacy Clause

FRQ 1 B

In McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court held that states cannot tax federal agencies because “the power to tax is the power to destroy,” violating the Supremacy Clause; likewise, in the term limits case, the Court ruled that states cannot alter constitutional requirements due to the Constitution’s supremacy.

FRQ 1 C

Citizens can petition congress and demand an amendment setting term limits 

FRQ 2 A

 ⅔ of us congress proposes amendment and ¾ of legislature ratifies it 

FRQ 2 B

To propose an amendment, a 2/3 majority at the national level is required, and to ratify it, a 3/4 majority at the state level is needed; the framers designed these supermajority requirements (67% and 75%) to ensure that any change to the Constitution reflected broad consensus.

FRQ 2 C

The proposing at national level and state level ratification shows the division of power in state and national gov. reflecting federalism

FRQ 3 A

The government could provide money (funded mandate)  in a form of block grant or categorical grant. 

FRQ 3 B

The ADA is an unfunded mandate that strains states, which must balance budgets with limited revenue, while the federal government uses the grant-in-aid system to aid and influence them, leaving states compelled to follow federal wishes to secure funding.

FRQ 3 C

The federal system, in its current cooperative form, establishes the supremacy of the federal government and its grants, making states reliant on them; while states often welcome the funding, they are less accepting of the rules and financial strains that come with it.

FRQ 4 A

Madison hates pure democracy.

FRQ 4 B

State legislatures chose the senate, electoral college chose president 

FRQ 4 C

15th amendment african american males vote, 19th amendment women got to vote