EQST301 Topic 15 Rabies

encephalitis

Rabies is known as an _____-causing virus

Lyssavirus of Rhabdoviridae

Etiology of rabies (genus & family)

100%

mortality rate of rabies in horses

5%

Horses make up what percentage of animal rabies cases in USA annually?

ss RNA virus

What type of virus is a Rhabdovirus?

rod

What shape is a Rhabdovirus?

1) wild carnivores

2) bats

3) domestic dogs

3 vectors & reservoir/hosts of rabies

1) humans

2) livestock

3) various mammals

3 dead end hosts of rabies

saliva comes into contact with mucous membranes

Transmission of rabies

2 weeks to a month and half

Incubation preiod of rabies

a few days to a week

How soon does death occur after onset of clinical sings?

1) Change in behavior

2) Ataxia

3) Mild fever

4) Lethargy

5) Colicky

6) Dysphagia (± anorexia)

7) blindness

8) hyperesthesia

9) progressive paralysis (recumbence, incontinence, asphyxiation)

9 clinical signs of rabies

direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test of brainstem & cerebellum

definitive test for rabies

1) Vaccination
2) Reduce wildlife population on farm

3) Capture/kill wildlife & submit it for testing if you see them interactly with an animal on your farm

3 prevention measures for rabies

Texas PEP Protocol

What prophylaxis protocol should be used on an unvaccinated horse when exposed to rabies?

Vaccinate at day 1

Vaccinate at week 3

Vaccinate at week 8

Texas PEP protocol vaccination schedule

90 days to up to 6 months

Texas PEP protocol isolation time

1) itchting

2) pins & needles at site of bite

3) fever

4) headache

4 clinical sings of acute phase of rabies in humans

2 days to 2 weeks

How long can the acute phase of rabies in human last?

1) delirium

2) drooling

3) seizures

4) paralysis

5) hydrophobia

5 clinical signs present in 2nd phase of rabies in humans

3-7 weeks

How long does the 2nd phase occur after the acute phase of rabies in humans?

1) saliva

2) serum

3) CSF

4) Neck skin

4 ante-mortem tests for rabies in humans