Chapter 4.4

Definition of philosophy.

The love of wisdom, or the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and reality.

What did Socrates believe?

He believed that unexamined life is not worth living.

What did Plato believe?

He believed that there is reality elsewhere. Treeness = reflection.

Plato's idea of government.

He believed in a Republic government, and that men and women should be equal.

Plato's idea of rankings.

Philosopher Kings - Wisdom

Warriors - Courage

Everyone Else - Desire

What did Aristotle believe?

Observe is to categorize.

Aristotle's idea of government.

Searched for the best government by analyzing other governments. For example, constitutional, aristocracy, and monarchy.

Aristotle's favorite government.

Constitutional

What did the Sophists believe?

Humans cannot understand the universe.

Birth order of the Greek philosophers.

Socrates, Plato, and then Aristotle.

How did religion impact Greek civilization?

Impacted every aspect of life and was the source of art and drama.

How many gods were there?

12

Where did the gods live?

On top of Mount Olympus.

Who was the father of the gods?

Zeus

Who was Athena?

Goddess of Athens/wisdom.

Oracle

A statue used to contact the gods.

Delphi

An ancient religious sanctuary and oracle dedicated to Apollo.

What does art portray?

Idealism

What do temples represent?

Calmness, clarity, and freedom.

Polykleitos

A math proportion to sculpt the ideal human body.

Tragedy

A form of drama that portrays a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force.

What did Aeschylus write?

The Oresteia, a trilogy of ancient Greek tragedies.

What did Sophocles write?

Oedipus Rex

The definition of satire.

Exaggerate

Purpose of comedies.

To mock politics, entertain, and provoke a reaction.

What did Herodotus write?

The history of the Persian War.

What did Thucydides write?

The history of the Peloponnesian War.

The 3 playwrights.

Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.

Socratic Method

It consists of a question-and-answer format to lead people to see things for themselves using their own reasons and ideas.

Ethics

Moral principles, and they are generally rules of conduct.

Greek Art

Concerned with expressing eternal ideals.