Hematology AMT

What does MCV measure?

Mean Corpuscular Volume measures the average size of RBC

Low MCV= Microcytic

Normal MCV= Normocytic
High MCV= Macrocytic

What is the formula for MCV

MCV= Hct ×10​/ RBC

What is the normal MCV range?

80-100

What does MCH measure?

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin measures the average amount—or weight—of hemoglobin in one RBC.

What is the formula for MCH?

MCH= HbG x 10/ RBC

What is the normal Rance for MCH

27-31

What does MCHC measure

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration measures the average concentration of hemoglobin inside the packed RBCs.

What is the formula for MCHC

MCHC= HgB x 100/Hct

What is the normal MCHC range

32-36 g/dL

Low MCHC= Hypochromic

Normal MCHC= Normochromic

What is the easiest way to separate MCH from MCHC

MCH: amount of hemoglobin in ONE RBC

MCHC: Concentration of hemoglobin inside the RBCs

What does RDW measure

Red cell distribution width measures the variation in RBC size

High RDW = anisocytosis

Normal range: 11.5-14.5

What does a high RDW suggest?

The RBC population contains cells of noticeable different sizes

What is the normal adult WBC count

4.5 11.0

What are common adult RBC reference ranges

female 4.0-5.5

male 4.5-6.0

What is the common adult hemoglobin ranges?

Female 12-16

Male 14-18

What are common adult hematocrit ranges?

Female 37-47

Male 42-52

What is the normal platelet count?

150-400

What is the normal adult reticulocyte percentage?

0.5-2.5

What conditions causes microcytic, hypochromic anemia?

TAILS

Thalassemia

Anemia of chronic disease

Iron Deficiency

Lead poisoning

Sideroblastic Anemia

What CBC pattern is typical of Iron deficiency anemia

Low Hgb and Hct

Low MCV

Low MCH/MCHC

High RDW

Often low RBC count

Platelets may be increased

How can thalassemia trait differ from iron deficiency?

Thalassemia Trait commonly shows

Very low MCV

Normal ro increased RBC count

RDW often normal or only slightly increased target cells may be present

Target cells may be present

Iron Deficiency more often has a low RBC count and High RDW

What conditions causes Macrocytic anemia

Megaloblastic:

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

Nonmegloblastic:

Liver disease

Alcohol use

Hypothyroidism

Reticulocytosis

What smear finding suggest megaloblastic anemia

Macro-ovalocytes

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Increased MCV

Possible pancytopenia in severe cases

What condition commonly produce normocytic anemia

Acute blood loss

Hemolytic anemia

Chronic kidney disease

Aplastic Anemia

Early anemia of chronic disease

Early iron Deficiency

What does an increased reticulocyte count suggest in anemia

The bone marrow is responding appropriately

Think:

Hemolysis

Recent blood loss

Response to treatment

What does a low reticulocyte count suggest in anemia

Decreased in ineffective RBC production

Think:

Bone marrow failure

Chronic kidney disease and decreased EPO

Untreated iron, B12, or folate deficiency

Marrow infiltration

What condition can increase RBC, Hgb, and HCT

Polycythemia Vera

What is a commonly associated with a truly increased MCHC

Hereditary spherocytosis

What is the primary function of a neurtrophil

Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria and fungi

Neutrophils are usually that first cells to respond to acute bacterial infection

What conditions are associated with neutrophilia

Acute bacterial infection

Inflammation

Tissue necrosis

Stress or Corticosteroids

Myeloproliferative neoplasms

What is a left shift

An increase in immature neutrophil forms in peripheral blood

-bands

-metamyelocytes

-myelocytes

What is the primary function of a lymphocyte

Adaptive and immune defense

-B cells produces antibodies

-T cells coordinate immunity and destroy infected cells

-NK cells kill abnormal or virus-infected cells

What conditions are associated with lymphocytosis

Viral infections

Pertussis

Infectious mononucleosis

Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia

What is the primary function of a monocyte

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation

Monocytes enter tissues and develop into macrophages

What are conditions are associated with monocytosis

Chronic infections

Autoimmune or inflammatory disorders

Recovery from acute infection

Certain leukemias, especially CMML

What is the primary function of an eosinophil

Defense against Parasites

Participation in allergic reactions

modulation of inflammation

What conditions are associated with Eosinophilia

Parasitic infections

Allergies and asthma

Drug reactions

What is the primary function of basophil

Basophils release substances involved in immediate hypersensitivity

-Histamine

-Heparin

What conditions are associated with basophilia

Chronic myeloid Luekemia

Hypersensitivity reactions

Chronic inflammatory conditions

What is the primary function of a platelet

Platelets form the primary hemostatic plug