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Eyewitness Memory
The memory you retain after witnessing a crime or event, as well as the act of reporting these memories as evidence.
Recall
The ability to report details of a previously witnessed event or person, typically assessed through individual interviews.
Recognition
The ability to determine whether a previously seen person is the same as what is currently being viewed, usually through lineups.
Culprit
The guilty person who actually committed the crime.
Suspect
The person the police think committed the crime.
Fillers/Foils
Known innocent lineup members included in a police lineup alongside the suspect.
Target-Present Lineup
A lineup in which the actual suspect is present among fillers.
Target-Absent Lineup
A lineup in which the actual suspect is not present, only fillers are shown.
Archival Reports
Previous records or documentation utilized in constructing criminal descriptors.
Internal Facial Features
Facial traits like the shape of the nose or the structure of the cheekbones, which are more challenging to describe than external features.
External Facial Features
Visible traits like hair color or eye shape, often more salient and easier for children to describe.
Identification
The process through which a witness selects a suspect from a lineup.
Cognitive Studies
Research that focuses on the mental processes involved in recognition and memory, particularly in eyewitness scenarios.
Social Studies
Research that examines the influence of social dynamics on eyewitness identification and decision-making.
Mr. Nobody (Wildcard Technique)
A technique that provides a salient photo representing 'not here' to assist children in making accurate rejections during identification.
Confidence Ratings
Evaluative measures of a witness's certainty about their identification of a suspect in a lineup.
Age-Appropriate Techniques
Strategies designed to enhance the accuracy of eyewitness accounts from children, taking their developmental stage into consideration.
Elimination Technique
A method involving simultaneous lineups with decision-making variations to improve the accuracy of eyewitness identifications.
True Negative
The accurate identification of faces that were correctly labelled as not previously seen in recognition tasks.
False Alarm
The misidentification of new faces as recognized from previous viewings.
Eyewitness Memory is the memory you retain after witnessing a ______ or event.
crime
_________ is the ability to report details of a previously witnessed event or person.
Recall
The ability to determine whether a previously seen person is the same as what is currently being viewed is known as ________.
Recognition
The _______ is the guilty person who actually committed the crime.
culprit
The police think the _______ is the person who committed the crime.
suspect
Fillers/Foils are known innocent lineup members included in a police lineup alongside the ______.
suspect
A _________ is a lineup in which the actual suspect is present among fillers.
Target-Present Lineup
In a _________, the actual suspect is not present; only fillers are shown.
Target-Absent Lineup
___________ involve previous records or documentation utilized in constructing criminal descriptors.
Archival Reports
Facial traits like the shape of the nose or the structure of the cheekbones are referred to as ________ features.
Internal Facial
What is eyewitness memory primarily concerned with?
The memory retained after witnessing a crime or event.
How is recall assessed in eyewitness memory?
Through individual interviews where details of the event are reported.
Why is recognition important in eyewitness identification?
It helps determine if a person in a lineup is the same as what the witness has previously seen.
What role do fillers or foils play in a lineup?
They are innocent people included alongside the suspect to assist in identification.
What is the difference between a target-present and a target-absent lineup?
In a target-present lineup, the suspect is included; in a target-absent lineup, the suspect is not.
What are archival reports used for in the context of eyewitness memory?
They are previous records used to construct criminal descriptors.
What are internal facial features?
Facial traits like the shape of the nose or cheekbones, which are harder to describe.
What constitutes external facial features?
Visible traits such as hair color and eye shape that are easier to describe.
What is the purpose of confidence ratings in eyewitness identification?
They measure a witness's certainty about their identification of a suspect.
What does the elimination technique involve?
It uses simultaneous lineups with variations to enhance eyewitness identification accuracy.
