Public Speaking - Final Exam

Prosody

The rhythm, stress, and intonation patterns of a person's voice

Timbre

The unique quality or tone of a person's voice

Non-Verbal Communication

Without words such as via facial expressions, gestures, or body language

Analogical persuasion

Using analogies to persuade by drawing parallels from familiar concepts

Audience-centeredness

Tailoring a message to the specific needs, interests, and backgrounds of the audience

Inflection

Variation in pitch, volume, and tone throughout the course of a speech

Inclusive language

Avoiding using words which may exclude or bias against certain groups of people

Verbal Communication

The use of spoken or written words to convey a message

Crescendo ending

A speech conclusion that builds intensity and power

Extemporaneous Style

A speech delivered with some preparation, but not memorized or read

Commemorative speech

Pays tribute to a person, idea, institution, event or place

Enunciation

The clarity and precision at which words are articulated when speaking

Physiognomy

A person's facial features or expressions

Comparative advantages order

Each main point explains why the speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other solutions

Fallacy

A flaw in reasoning that weakens an argument

Substance vs. Style

The core message and words of the speech vs the way that the message is delivered

Articulation

How clearly the speaker pronounces words

Vocalized pause

Words like 'uh', 'like' and 'um' between words

Persuasive Speech

A speech intended to influence beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors

Emergent leader

Someone who isn't chosen or elected but rises over time within group interactions

Kairos

Persuasive appeal to timing

Connotative meaning (or connotation)

The emotional or cultural meaning of a word beyond its dictionary meaning

Derived credibility

The credibility the speaker gains or loses during the speech

POI's (Debate)

Brief interjections or questions during a formal debate

Denotative meaning

The literal definition of a word

Encoding process

The creation of a message by converting thoughts into communicable form

Idios

Private, separate, self-centered, selfish

Manuscript speech

A speech read word-for-word from a script

Analogical reasoning

Arguing by comparing two similar cases

Jargon

Special words used by a particular profession are groups that are hard for laymen to understand

Gesticulation

The use of hand or body movements to express ideas or emotions

Refutation

Arguing against or disproving an opposing argument

Emphatic listening

Technique where the listener tries to understand the speaker's perspective and feelings rather than simply focusing on words

Informative Speech

A speech designed to educate the audience about a specific topic

Optimum pitch

The most natural and comfortable pitch range for a speaker

Co-active approach

Emphasis on collaborative and engaging experiences between the speaker and the audience

Pitch

The highness or lowness of someone's voice

Monroe's motivated sequence

Attention, Needs, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action

Mehrabian theory of communication

7% words, 38% tone, 55% body language

Demagogues

A leader who makes use of popular prejudices, emotional appeals, and false claims and promises in order to gain power