Musculoskeletal System and Med Term

arthr/o

joint

articul/o

joint

burs/o

bursa (sac or purse)

carp/o

wrist

chondr/o

cartilage

condyl/o

knuckle of a joint

cost/o

rib

cran/o, crani/o

skull, cranium

fasci/o

fascia

femor/o

femur, thigh bone

fibr/o

fiber

fibul/o

fibula

ili/o

ilium of the pelvis, flank, hip, groin

ischi/o

ishium, hip joint, haunch

menisc/o

meniscus

muscul/o

muscle

my/o, myos/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow

orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

pariet/o

wall

patell/o

patella

ped/o

child

petr/o

stone

phalang/o

phalanges

phys/o

growth

pub/o

pubis (pelvic bone)

radi/o

radius

sacr/o

sacrum, sacred

skelet/o

skeleton

spondyl/o

vertebra

stern/o

sternum, chest

synov/o, synovi/o

synovial

tars/o

tarsal bone

ten/o, tendon/o

tendon, stretch

vertebr/o

vertebra

Diseases of the skeletal and muscular systems result from:

Physical injury, infections, tumor development, endocrine disease, inherited disorders

a-

without, absense of

brady-

slow

dys-

bad, painful, difficult, abnormal

hyper-

excessive, above, abnormally high

kinesi/o

movement, motion

tax/o

reaction to stimulus, movement

troph/o

developemnt

a-

singular

-algia

condition of pain

-dynia

condition of pain

-ia

condition of

-y

process of

Arthralgia

Condition of joint pain, the first symptoms of joint or bone disease

Axtraxia

Inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity and signs of nervous system disorders

Atrophy

Lacking development or wasting and seen when movement in a limb is prohibited leading to muscle weakness

Bradykinesia

Condition of slow motion and a clincial sign of underlying bone, muscle or nervous disorder

Declarification

Abormal reduction of calcium in bone and cuased by hormonal disorder upsetting calcium balance in blood and bone

How is declarification treated?

Hormal therapy, diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, mild exercise

Dyskinesia

Condition of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult motion and a common sign of disorder

Dystrophy

Process of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult developemnt and symptom of progressive muscle weakness from genetic mutation

Hypertrophy

Sign of excessive muscle growth or development and induced by weight-training acitivty, produced by addition of protein to muscle fibers

Myalgia

Condition of muscle pain

Tenodynia

Tendon pain

a-

without, absence of

epi-

upon, over, above, on top

para-

alongside, abnormal

poly-

excessive, over, many

quadri-

four

ankyl/o

crooked

carcin/o

cancer

kyph/o

hump

leuk/o

white

lith/o

stone

lord/o

bent forward

menisc/o

meniscus

my/o, myos/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow

por/o

hole

sacr/o

flesh, meat

scoli/o

curved

-asthenia

weakness

-cele

hernia, swelling, protrusion

-emia

condition of blood

-genesis

origin, cause

-itis

inflammation

-malacia

softening

-oma

tumor

-osis

condition of

-plasia

formation, growth

-plegia

paralysis

-ptosis

drooping

Achondroplasia

Disease that causes dwarfism and involves the abnormal lack of growth of skeleton resulting in a short and disproportional body

Ankylosis

Condition of crooked where joints are abnormally stiff and movement is difficult and the abnoral adhesion of two bones damages the joint strucutre between them

Arthritis

Joint inflamation and degeneration of joints and the two major forms are osteoarthirits (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Arthrochondritis

Inflammation of articular cartilage within synovial joints resulting in joint pain during movements

Bunion

Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe caused by inflammation of a burse near the big toe

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa

Bursolith

Calcium deposit or stone within a bursa and diagnosis is confirmed with an x-ray and is often surgically removed

Carpal tunnel syndrom (CTS)

Repetitive stress of the wrist with inflammation and causes pressure against median nerve resulting in local pain and restricted movement

Carpoptosis

Drooping of the wrist that results in difficulty supporting the hand

Cramps

Prolonged involuntary muscular contrations causing pain whereever they occur

Degenrative Joint Disease (DJD)

A progressive disease of the joints where cartilage degenerates

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

A condition that causes skeletal muscle degeneration with progressive muscle weakness and deterioration that has no cure