The North-West Passage by Sir John Everett Millais-1974 (64-67)
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156 Terms
When did Christopher Columbus land in the Caribbean?>
1492
What do most American students learn about columbus?
He was an Italian navigator who embarked from spain in search of a route to Asia and landed in “The New World”
What was the consequence of Columbus’ discovery of the Americas?
Centuries of colonization and cultural exchange as European nations competed to control resources
What European nations are notable for colonizing the americas?
England, Spain, Portugal, and France
What was the function of art in imperial exploration?
prompted exploration of territories colonial powers wanted to control, presented national narratives, and retrospectively reflects on the legacies of global expansion
Who created the trading card version of “Landing of Columbus?”
Alphonse Bigot
When was Alphonse Bigot’s “Landing of Columbus” created?
1853
What was Alphonse Bigot’s “Landing of Columbus?”
A collectible trading card
What twas Bigot’s “Landing of Columbus” based off?
A painting by the same name
Who created the painting which was the basis for the trading card “Landing of Columbus?”
John Vanderlyn
John Vanderlyn’s “Landing of Columbus” is displayed where?
The US capitol rotunda
When was “The North-West Passage” created?
1874
Who made “The North-West Passage?”
Sir John Everett Millais
What is the medium of “The North-West Passage?”
Oil on Canvas
What is the dimension of “The North-West Passage?”
1765×2222mm
European sailors searched for a water route to the Pacific through where?
Sailing over Canada and traveling West to China
What was the passage European sailors looked for called?
North-West Passage
What did the European sailors hope to avoid by looking for the Northwest passage?
Avoid the arduous journey around the Cape Horn at the farthest tip of South america
Oral traditions of what peoples told of a water route that could be transversed by canoe?
Inuit peoples
Why did European sailors ignore the oral traditions which described a route which could be traversed by canoe?
They wanted a path that tlarger ships could navigate safely
Who was the first British explorer to seek the Northwest passage?
Martin Frobisher
When did Martin Frobisher set sail to look for the Northwest passage?
1570’s
How many voyages did Martin Frobisher make tot he arctic? How many failed to find a Northwest passage?
3 voyages, all 3 failed
“The North-West Passage” was made when in terms of the British empires power?
At its peak
What does “The North-West Passage” chronicle?
The hope and tragedy that the search for a Northwest passage represented for Britons
Where was Sir John Everett Millais born?
Southampton
When was Sir John Everett Millais born?
1829
Southampton is what type of english city?
A port city
At what age did Millais become the youngest student ever accepted to the Royal Academy of Art?
11
What school was Millais the youngests student to eebvr attend?
The royal academy of art
What was the royal academy of art?
The premier location for young British and American artists to learn British and drawing
Since when was the Royal ACademy of Art the premier location for learning painting/drawing?
1768
When did Sir John Everett Millais make his debut?
1846
Where did Sir John Everett Millais make his debut?
The annual academy exhibition
What age was Sir John Everett Millais when he made his debut?
17 years old
Mllais chose to focus on what for his first debut?
An event related to histories of empire and exploration
How does Millais initial work for his debut exhibit differ from his later works?
They drastically differ visually in styles
What was Millais first work?
“Pizarro Seizing the Inca of Peru”
What does Millais first work show?
An incident of colonial conflict
Matin Frobisher is depicted searching for a northwest passage in what type of boat?
A kayak
When is the image of martin frobisher kayak from?
1580
Whom did Millais meet at the academy?
William Holman Hunt
Which painter did Millais meet who would go on to join him and create a trio?
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
When was the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood formed?
1848
Who made up the trio of the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood?
John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and William Holman Hunt
What was the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood?
A group of socially and artistically progressive young English artists who rejected the Academy‘s teachings
What does the name of the pre-raphaelites referr to?
Their desire to return art to a time before Raphael Sanzio
What did Pre-Raphaelites say about the Renaissance?
It was too formulaic and idealizing
What is idealizing?
Showing things not truly, but in perfect and ideal forms
What artistic features did Pre-Raphaelites reject?
Linear perspective, and renaissance proportion
What visual characteristics did Pre-Raphaelites favor?
Quasi-medieval aesthetic, including minute detail and saturated color
What did pre-raphaelites dedicate themselves to as part of their rejection of idealism?
to close observation, and representing things realistically, not shying away from imperfection, age, or decay
When was the Pre-Raphaeliets work first displayed?
1848
What was the Pre-Raphaelites work criticised for?
Awkward, flat-looking figures, unusual color choices and unidealized details
What is an unidealized detail in the Pre-Raphaelites first exhibited work?
Dirty fingernails
What happened by 1953 in terms of the pre-raphaelite movement?
The movement had gained many supporters
What influential art critic was won over by the pre-raphaelites?
John Ruskin
Who was the most influential art critic of the 19th century ?
John Ruskin
As viewers became more familiar with pre-raphaelite art what occured?
It gained popularity and spawned in imitators during next decades
What is one of Millais’ most typical and well known early works in the Pre-Raphaelite style?
“Ophelia”
When was “Ophelia” produced?
1852
What did Millais do in his later career?
Turn away from the highly detailed approach to a more brushy and loose style as seen in “North-West Passage”
When did Queen Victoria grant Sir John Everett Millais baronetcy?
1885
What is a barontecy?
A non-hereditary title
When did Millais die?
1896
What role did Millais take before he died?
President of the Royal Academy
When did Millais become President of the Royal Academy?
1896 shortly before his death
“North-West Passage” is filled with visual references to what?
Britains naval power and to its main characters experience as a sailor
What is depicted in “North-West Passage?”
An older man sitting at a desk while a young woman perches on a stool beneath him holding his hand
What does the window in “North-West Passage” show?
A view that shows the house overlooks the ocean with a single sailboat sailing the calm waters
What is near the mans elbow in “North-West Passage?”
A table holding a stack of books and papers, glass of spirits, a telescope, and a dish holding a lemon
What might the dish holding a lemon in “North-West Passage”reference?
The need for sailors to replenish vitamin C with fresh ocean fruit
Who is framed above the sailors head in “North-WestPassage?”
Admiral Horatio Nelson
Who was Admiral Horatio Nelson?
A major naval commander during the Napoleonic Wars
When did the Napoleonic wars take place?
Turn of the 19th century
What does the painting partially covered by the British flag and white naval ensign flag show?
A ship crossing the arctic sea filled with icebergs
What was the British Flag known as?
The Union Jack
What flags cover the painting of a ship crossing an arctic sea filled with icebergs?
The Union Jack (British Flag) and a white naval ensign flag
In “North-West Passage” the man seems to have looked away from what to what?
The portolan chart of the Canadian coast on the table
The girl in “North-West Passage” is assumed to be who?
The main characters daughter
What is the girl in “North-West Passage” seeming to do?
Reading a maritime log
“North-West Passage” enacts what?
A quiet family drama of loss and worry while also reinforcing historical issues of of empire and exploration
When did “North-West Passage” debut?
1874
Where did “North-West Passage”debut?
Royal Academy
What was one of Millais’s most important works?
“North-West Passage”
What world fair was “North-West Passage”featured at?
1878 world fair
“North-West Passage” was acquired by what group after the Paris world fair?
“The National Gallery of British Art”
What was the precursor to the Tate Gallery?
National Gallery
When was “North-West Passage” acquired by the National Gallery?
1897
What was Alison Smith’s career?
Art historian
What did Alison Smith describe “North-West Passage” as?
One of the defining images of British imperial heroism
Who was the Queen of Great Britain in 1885?
Queen Victoria
What did Millais election as the president of the royal Academy make him for a short period before he died?
One of the most influential artistic figures in Britain
The image of Admiral Horatio nelson is in what color?
Black and White
What is noted on the desk for having just been looked at by the man?
A portolan chart of the Canadian coastlin e
Where was the 1878 World fair?
Paris
What role did Admiral Nelson have in the Battle of Trafalgar?
He famously sent the signal message “England expects that every man will do his duty”
What battle did Admiral Nelson famously send a signal flag messafe before:
Battle of Trafalgar
What was Admiral Nelson’s signassignal flag message?
“England expects that every man will do his duty”
Who won the Battle of Trafalgar?
The U.K.