Readings in Philippine History - Chapter 1 Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards based on Chapter 1 of Readings in Philippine History, covering definitions, research methods, sources, criticism, and historical perspectives.

Historia

A Greek term meaning knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation, which was later adapted into Latin to mean an account of the past of a person or group through written documents and historical evidence.

Oral Source

Testimonies handed down by word of mouth from one generation to another over time, including epics, songs, artifacts, architecture, and memory.

Oral Tradition

As defined by Janvansina, all testimonies concerning the past which are transmitted from one generation to another.

Archaeology

An auxiliary discipline that enables historians to use artifacts from bygone eras to study ancient civilizations that lack written documents.

Linguistics

An auxiliary discipline that assists in tracing historical evolutions, past connections among groups, and cultural influences through the study of language and its changes.

Historiography

The study of history itself (the history of history), focusing on how a historical text was written, who wrote it, its publication context, methods used, and underlying sources.

Positivism

A school of thought from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that requires empirical and observable evidence before knowledge is deemed true, producing the historical mantra 'no document, no history'.

Post-colonialism

A school of thought emerging in the early twentieth century among formerly colonized nations that seeks to create national identity free from colonial discourse and criticize colonial ideas and methods.

Historical Methodology

A system of techniques and rules followed by historians to properly utilize sources and historical evidence when writing history.

Primary Sources

Sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied, such as government records, minutes, memoirs, draft constitutions, or eyewitness accounts.

Secondary Sources

Historical sources produced by an author who studied primary sources to analyze a specific historical subject.

External Criticism

The process of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics, materials, language, and consistency with the time period in which it was produced.

Internal Criticism

The examination of the truthfulness and factuality of evidence by evaluating its content, author, context, intended purpose, and underlying agenda.

Code of Kalantiao

A historical hoax involving rules contained in the epic Maragtas allegedly written by Datu Kalantiao, debunked in 1968 by American historian William Henry Scott due to anachronisms and lack of evidence.

Ang Maharlika

A World War II guerrilla unit that Ferdinand Marcos claimed to have led, a claim disproven upon checking United States war records.

Bipartite View

The Spanish colonial perspective that framed precolonial Philippine history as a dark age until light was brought through western thought and Christianity.

Tripartite View

The nationalist historical perspective that viewed precolonial society as a luminous age, followed by darkness under Spanish rule, which would return to light once colonizers were evicted.

Pantayong Pananaw

A philosophy introduced by historian Zeus Salazar that translates to 'for us-from us perspective', advocating for an internal discourse among Filipinos using a common language.