Blood

BLOOD

• Suspension of blood cells in plasma

• matrix: plasma

transport, immune function, homeostasis, heat distribution, clotting

functions of blood

transport

• nutrients

• waste

• gases

• hormones

immune function

WBC fight pathogens

homeostasis

regulate ph, ions, and water

clotting

stop bleeding

plasma

contains

• proteins

• enzymes

• nutrients

• waste

• hormones

• gases

formed elements

rbc, wbc, platelets

Erythrocytes

RBC

Leukocytes

WBC

Thrombocytes

platelets

Erythrocytes

• non nucleated

• hemoglobin

• 7.7 diameters

• 120 days lifespan

• rouleaux formatiom

rouleaux formation

rbcs stack like coins

reticulocytes

young rbcs

leukocytes

• immune cells

• granular and agranular

• 5k-9k cubic mm

granular leukocytes

• Neutrophil

• Eosinophil

• Basophil

Neutrophil

• looks bigger than RBC (12-14 um)

• single, multilobed nucleus

• condensed nuclear chromatin

Eosinophil

• larger than neutrophil (12-17 um)

• 3x the size of RBC

• nucleus with only 2 lobes

• stains bright red or reddish purple

Basophil

• 14-16 um

• deep blue staining granules

• bilobed nucleus

Agranular leukocytes

• Lymphocytes

• Monocytes

Lymphocytes

• T & B blank

• small, a bit bigger than RBC (6-9 um)

• more cytoplasm, free ribosomes & mitochondria

Monocytes

• largest WBC (20um)

• large eccentrically placed kidney-bean shaped nucleus

• abundant cytoplasm

• pale blue/ purple staining

Platelets

• Thrombocytes

• 150,000-400,000 per cubic mm

• 2-4 um diameter

• Tiny blood cells that help the body form clots to stop bleeding

Hematopoiesis/Hemopoiesis

• production of all of the cellular components of blood and plasma which occurs within the hematopoietic system

• blood making, blood cell production

Monophyletic (Unitarian) Theory

• All blood cells originate from one cell.

• hemocytoblasts

hemocytoblasts

starting cell

LYMPHATIC TISSUE

• rich in lymphocytes and produces it

• filtering/transporting lymph

• helping with immune defense

T cells

• about 60–80%

• develop in the thymus

• involved in cell-mediated immunity

• recognize antigens using specialized receptors.

B cells

• mature in bone marrow

• can develop into plasma cells

• involved in humoral immunity

• produce antibodies

LYMPHATIC ORGANS

Primary/central: bone marrow and thymus

secondary/peripheral: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

primary/central organs

where lymphocytes develop

secondary/peripheral orgams

where immune cells function or organized

bone marrow

• where blood cells are made under normal physiological contions

• inside certain bones

• fat cells are present

thymus

• primary lymphoid orgam

• surrounded by capsulw

• dark outside + lighter inside + little circular structures inside

cortex

more lymphocytes = stains more basophilic/darker

hassall’s corpuscles

made of flat epithelial cells arranged in concentric layers

lymph node

• immune filtering station

• capsule and trabeculae for atructural support

• contains b cell lymphoid follicles and may have paler germinal center

• medulla has medullary cords and sinuses

spleen

white and red pulp

white pulp

• mostly lymphocytes/macrophages around arteries

• t and b cells

red pulp

• very vascular

• containa lots of blood filled vascular sinues

• red=blood

tonsils

• large masses of lumphoid tissue

• surface covered with stratified squamous non keratinizing epithelium

• contain lymphoid nosulws