The cell

Organelle

A specialized structure within a cell that performs specific functions

Cytoplasm

Semi-fluid substance that fills the inside of a cell

Lysosome

Small sacs filled with digestive enzymes

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes that are like cell transport

Ribososme

Sit on the ER and make proteins

Vesicle

Small fluid filled sac/cavity surrounded by a membrane

Nucleus

The central most vital part of the cell

Mitochondria

Produces energy for the cell

Cell Membrane

Selectively permeable membrane that surrounds all cells

Phospholipid

Hydrophilic head, Hydrophilic tail, Amphipathic molecule

Hydrophilic

Molecular structure strongly attached to water

Hydrophobic

Molecule structure strongly against water

Glycocalyx

Fuzzy looking coating on the perimeter of a cell that is made up of glycolipid and glycoproteins

Extracellular fluid

Fluid located outside the cells in a multicellular organisms

Intracellular fluid

Fluid located inside of the cell in a multicellular organism

Diffusion

Passive movement of particles from high to low concentration

Osmosis

A solvent that moves from a semipermeable membrane from less concentration to high concentration.

Selective permeability

Nonpolar phospholipid tails that only let some molecules pass

Hypertonic

Higher solute concentraion on the OUTSIDE of the cell rather than the inside to keep balence. ( This srinks/shrivels the sell )

Hypotonic

The INSIDE of the cell has a higher solute concentration rather than the outside. (Causes the cell to swell/inflate or potentially burst)

Isotonic

Where the solute concentration inside the cell matches the concentration outside of a cell, it maintains a perfect balance

Passive Transport

Automatic transport the does NOT require extra energy

Simple Diffusion

High to low concentration with NO USE of proteins or ATP

Facilitated diffusion

High concentration to low concentration helped across by carrier proteins

Active transport

The movement of particles across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient ( Uses energy/ATP)