Homeostasis

What is homeostasis?

Maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment

What is the homeostasis goal?

maintain hydration

Circulation of fluids provides what two things?

nutrients and waste removal

The body is made up of about how much water?

60%

What are methods of water intake?

oral and metabolism of carbs

Water is the waste products of what type of metabolism?

aerobic

What are ways to lose water?

sweat, saliva, GI, urine, lactation, and insensible water loss

What is water loss that is from the skin and respiratory tract?

insensible water loss

What animals can sweat?

horses and cows

What percent of water loss is a mild case of dehydration?

5%

What percent of water loss is a moderate case of dehydration?

8%

What percent of water loss is a severe case of dehydration?

At least 10%

How can you detect mild dehydration?

tacky gums

How can you detect moderate dehydration?

skin tent, and withdrawn eyes

How can you detect severe dehydration?

unresponsive and in shock

How much water is roughly needed?

40-60ml/kg/day

What are some differences that can change water requirements?

species, size, and health status

T/F too much fluid, too quickly, could cause fluid overload

true

What uses concentrations differences to transfer substances between plasma and interstitial fluid?

Diffusion

T/F There is a trade off of water between tissues and capillaries that wants to reach homeostasis

TRUE

What protein in the blood is a big factor in fluid movement?

albumin

What substances in body fluids exert osmotic pressure?

ions and proteins

Between what systems can fluid pass between?

intracellular/extracellular and extravascular/intravascular

What is the space between cells?

Interstitium

What is the fluid in the interstitial space?

interstital fluid

What force pushes fluid outward through the capillary memebrane?

Capillary pressure (Pc)

What force opposes filtration when the value is positive?

Interstitial fluid pressure (PiF)

What is functional capillary pressure?

17 mmHg

What is functional arterial pressure?

30-40 mmHg

What is functional venous pressure?

10-15 mmHg

What is the ideal interstitial fluid pressure?

-2 to -6 mmHg

T/F interstitial fluid pressure is higher in encapsulated organs

TRUE

What is the total pressure needed to prevent the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane to the solution that has the greater number of particles?

osmotic pressure

What is the pressure exerted by plasma proteins on the capillary wall?

plasma oncotic pressure

What is the concentration of dissolved particles per unit of volume?

osmolarity

What is the concentration of dissolved particles per unit of weight?

Osmolality

How are osmolarity and osmolality correlated?

by the number of particles (NOT SIZE)

What is the force that opposes filtration causing osmosis of water inward through the membrane?

plasma colloid osmotic presure

What is involved plasma colloid osmotic pressure?

albumin

What is the force that promotes filtration by causing osmosis of fluid outward through the membrane?

interstitial fluid colloid pressure?

When the net filtration pressure (NFP) is positive, net fluid ______ occurs across the capillaries

positive

When the net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative, net fluid ______ occurs across the capillaries

absorption