Phlebotomy Lecture Review

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts from the phlebotomy lecture.

Autologous donation

When a person donates their own blood for their personal use, such as in the case of elective surgery.

Blood Bank Specimens Labeling

Must be labeled with the patient's full name, hospital ID number, date of birth, date and time of collection, and phlebotomist's initials.

Blood Donor Eligibility

Must be between ages 17 & 66 years and weight at least 90 lb.

Glucose Tolerance Test vs Post Prandial Glucose Test

Blood samples are taken at 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr intervals after ingestion of a concentrated glucose drink, for the glucose tolerance test, while fasting is not needed for the post prandial glucose test.

Pre-examination or Preanalytical Phase

Refers to all the steps that are taken before actually conducting the testing of a sample.

Blood specimen transport

It is essential to handle and transport blood specimens carefully and deliver them as quickly as possible to the laboratory for processing .

Chain-of-custody documentation

Is required for drug screen tests when the specimen is collected.

Hair and nail specimens detect:

Heavy metal poisoning.

Centrifuge

A machine that spins blood tubes at high rpm that separates cells and plasma or serum.

Serum specimens clotting time

Serum specimens must be allowed to fully clot for 30 min before centrifugation.

Guaiac test specimen

Feces.

Random urine sample

Can be collected at any time without any prior preparation or scheduling.

Fasting urine specimen

Second specimen voided after fasting is used for glucose monitoring.

24-hour urine collection

Void into toilet as usual on waking, refrigerate specimen throughout collection period, and collect urine after anticipated bowel movement.

Midstream urine collection

When the patient urinates in the toilet first, then the container.

Culture test for urine specimens

To identify any microorganisms that grow.

Sensitivity test for urine specimens

To determine which antibiotics will be effective.

Lumbar puncture

Procedure used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for testing.

Saliva in laboratory testing

To detect hormone levels and to monitor drug and alcohol abuse.

Sputum

The mucus or phlegm expelled from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

ABG parameters

PaO2 and PaCO2.

Bone Marrow examination

Aspirated and examined to detect and identify blood diseases.

Buccal/Oral specimens

considered a less invasive and painless alternative to blood collection for obtaining cells for DNA analysis.

Throat Culture Specimen Collection first step

Wash hands and don gloves.

POC testing advantages

Testing of the specimens are done at the location of the patient and turn around time for results is very short.

Clean catch urine specimen

Type of urine specimen is the best one for detecting a UTI.

Body temperature conversion

98.6 F is 37 degrees Celcius.

Synovial fluid

Fluid from joints.

CSF

Fluid from spinal canal.

Pleural fluid

Fluid from lungs.

Peritoneal fluid

Fluid from abdomen.

Amniotic fluid

Fluid from uterus.

Throat swab

Most often collected to test for group A strep.

Autologous Donation

The process where a person donates blood for their own use, often before elective surgery.

Blood Bank Specimen Labeling

The process of labeling blood bank specimens with patient's full name, hospital ID number, date of birth, date and time of collection, and phlebotomist's initials.

Blood Donor Criteria

Specific ages (17-66) and weight requirements (at least 90 lbs) to be eligible to donate blood.

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)

A series of blood samples collected over time (1-3 hrs) after consuming a glucose drink to measure glucose levels.

Postprandial glucose test

A blood sample taken after a meal/ingestion to assess glucose levels.

Preanalytical Phase

All the steps taken before the actual testing of a sample.

Blood Specimen Transportation

The process of carefully handling and transporting blood specimens as quickly as possible to the laboratory for processing.

Chain of Custody

Documentation often required for drug screen specimens, ensuring proper handling and tracking.

Heavy Metal Poisoning Detection

Can be tested using hair and nail specimens.

Centrifuge

A Laboratory machine that spins blood tubes at high revolutions per minute to separate cells and plasma or serum.

Serum Clotting time

The amount of time (30 min) a phlebotomist should wait before centrifuging a serum specimen.

Guaiac Test

A test to detect the presence of occult blood in feces.

Random Urine Sample

A urine sample collected at any time, without prior preparation or scheduling.

Fasting Urine Specimen

The second urine specimen voided after fasting, which is used to perform glucose monitoring

24-hour Urine Collection Prep

Steps include voiding into the toilet upon waking, refrigerating the specimen throughout the collection, and collecting urine after bowel movements.

Midstream Urine Collection

Type of collection where the that patient urinates into the toilet first, and then into the container.

Urine Culture Test Purpose

To identify any microorganisms that grow within a urine specimen.

Urine Sensitivity Test

A test to determine which antibiotics will be effective against microorganisms within a urine sample.

Lumbar Puncture

An invasive procedure used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid for testing.

Saliva Testing Purposes

For the detection of hormone levels and monitoring of drug and alcohol abuse.

Sputum Definition

Mucus or phlegm expelled from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Most Common ABG Parameters

Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2).

Bone Marrow Examination

A process where bone marrow is aspirated and examined to detect blood diseases.

Buccal Specimens for DNA

A nonblood specimen collection method that is less invasive and provides cells for DNA analysis.

Throat Culture Collection: 1st step

Wash hands and wear gloves before collecting a specimen.

Advantages of POCT

Testing of specimens at the patient's location and short turnaround time for results.

Urine Specimen for UTI

A clean-catch urine specimen collected best for detecting a urinary tract infection.

Body Temperature Celsius

Conversion from Fahrenheit (98.6°F) to Celsius is 37°C.

Synovial Fluid Source

Fluid that comes from the joints.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Source

Fluid that comes from the spinal canal.

Pleural Fluid Source

Fluid that comes from the lungs.

Peritoneal Fluid Source

Fluid that comes from the abdomen.

Amniotic Fluid Source

Fluid that comes from the uterus.

Throat Swab Test

A test of a throat swab collected to test for Group A Streptococcus.