Social Studies Greece Test

Alliance

2 . an association to further the common interests of the members

Tyrant

1a.  an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or constitution

2b. one resembling an oppressive ruler in the harsh use of authority or power

INFO FACT

Mountains were barriers of communication, transportation and interaction = isolated.  Therefore… residents of city-states were loyal to their particular city-state, NOT to overall Greece.

Instead of one large empire Greece had many small city-states, this lead to…

Lots of rivalry and frequent wars

Seas were what?

A vital link to the outside world

On what island did the Minoans build their early civilization?

Crete

Since the success of the Minoans depended on trade, what did they acquire through their contacts with Egypt and Mesopotamia?

They got ideas and technology which they then adapted to their culture

What are the three possible reasons for the collapse of the Minoan civilization?

• 1.  A nearby volcano eruption

• 2.  An earthquake that then led to a tidal wave/ tsunami

• 3.  Invaders Mycanaens 

Summary of Theseus and The Minotaur

Say it…

Where were the Mycenaeans located?

Greek mainland and then Crete

Like the Minoans, what was the success of the Mycenaeans based on?

Trade

How did the Mycenaeans live on the mainland?

ANSWER: In separate city-states because of the mountainous terrain

Around what year was Trojan war?

1250 BC

What two civilizations in the Trojan War?

Mycenaeans and city-state of  Troy

What is the romantic legend which is said to have started the war?

The trojan prince, paris, captured Helen so the Mycenaeans went to Troy, for the next 10 years they were in battle

What is the real reason for the Trojan War to start?

Economic rivalry because they both were top trading cities

What was the result of the Trojan War?

The Mycenaeans captured Troy and burned the city

What happened to the Mycenaeans after the fall of Troy?

They got attacked by sea raiders.

Who was Homer?

 Homer was a blind poet and legendary author who was responsible for the epics of the Iliad (about the events of the Trojan War) and the Odyssey (the 10-year journey home of Odysseus after the Trojan War).

What is another name for a city-state in ancient Greece?

The Greek word Polis

Describe the terrain (land) of Greece?

Very mountainy

From the geography of ancient Greece, why did the city-states develop differently from one another unlike the common city-states of Mesopotamia and Egypt?

Mountain terrain acted like barriers limited communication and transportation

Acropolis

Where temples and government where buildings were built

List the common ways that citizens participated in the city-states?

government, religious ceremonies, defense, and the economy.

In the Greek city-states, what were the two requirements of participating in the government?

Had to be a male and born in that particular polis

Which groups were not allowed to participate in the daily activities of the government?

Women, slaves, and foreigners 

Due to isolation that was produced by the mountains of southern Greece, this city-state became suspicious of outsiders and their ideas.  Therefore, travel was restricted to and from this city-state.

Sparta

Due to its proximity(closeness) to the Aegean Sea, this city-state encouraged travel and trade which helped spread and bring in ideas and new goods and create relationships with other places around the Mediterranean.

Athens

Claims to be the birthplace of democracy - “the rule of the people.”

Athens

Had an oligarchy (rule of a few) with two kings who led the city-state as well as serving as generals in the army.

Sparta

Main law-making body was the Assembly - a gathering place for all citizens to meet, discuss, and make laws/decisions.

Athens

Women did not participate in politics.

Athens AND Sparta

City-state included a class of helots - a group of captured individuals who became slaves.  Many were needed so this city-state could concentrate their time and effort to their daily, military exercises.  

Sparta

Women has no rights and subject to the household

Athens

Women had some rights - more than any other city-state

Sparta

Strong navy

Athens

Strong army

Sparta

Taught reading, writing, math, music, poetry, philosophy and more in schools or academies.

Athens

Boys taken from parents at age 7 to start training for life in the military.  Learned the art of warfare and survival skills.

Sparta

Military camp for only two years from age 18-20.

Athens

Age 20, placed in ranks of military and at age 30, could marry but still lived in army housing.

Sparta

Education was important to the people of this city-state as they believed their government was dependent on having well-prepared citizens.  Educated citizens would result in a stronger government.

Athens

Girls received little to no education - only taught spinning, weaving and other household duties.

Athens

Girls educated in subjects and could participate in gymnastics and other sports. This was thought to produce strong, healthy babies.

Sparta

Women enjoyed freedoms - could move around, own property and looked over property when husband was away.

Sparta

Women were kept at home and considered property of their husbands

Athens

Simple Lifestyle - no luxuries

Sparta

Enjoyed luxuries and foods from all over their empire due to their ability to travel and trade.

Athens

Emphasis on developing culture → art, education, architecture, drama/theater, science, philosophy and more.

Athens

Describes the process of what happens when a baby is born in Sparta?

They gave the babies to older people for them to decide if the baby was healthy enough or not healthy.

What are the two possibilities that might happen to a Spartan newborn in this process with the elders?

If not healthy enough the baby would get left on a mountain and if healthy enough they would live a free life.

What was the Spartan reasoning for the newborn process?

They think only the healthiest have a good and successful life

What is a Greek Hoplite?

A Greek soldier with lots of heavy equipment on

What is The Phalanx?

It was rows upon rows of men that stretched to a quarter mile long or more

Where did Greek gods and goddesses live?

Mount Olympus

God of the sky, ruler of the gods

Zeus

God of water?

Poseidon

Queen of gods

Hera

Goddess of wisdom, war, and the arts.

Athena

God of light, truth, and medicine

Apollo

Goddess of the jungle, childbirth, known for bow and arrow

Artemis

God of underworld

Hades

The god of violence, despised by other gods

Ares

God of fire and metalwork

Hephaestus

Goddess of love, beauty

Aphrodite

Messenger between gods and men

Hermes

Goddess of agriculture and vegetation

Demeter

Why did the ancient Greeks believe in a polytheistic faith, just like all the ancient civilizations we studied this year?  

Human Activities, Natural Force

Which empire stretched from the outskirts of Greece down through Egypt all the way to India that threatened Greece after the Ionian city-states revolted?

The Persian Empire

What was the conflict between the Greek city-states and Persia called?

The Persian Wars

What were the causes of the Persian Wars?

The Ionian revolt

Describe The battle at Marathon

 Marathon: first battle of persian war Persian army of 25,000 and Athenian army of 10,000, although outnumbered the Athenians won.

Who was Pheidippides and explain his importance?

Was a young runner and ran 26 miles (legend has it as 150 miles in two days) to tell Athens that they won the battle in Marathon. After reaching Athens and telling victory he died of exhaustion.

Describe The battle at Thermopylae

At a narrow mountain pass in Thermopylae, Xerxes and his persian army were blocked by 7,000 Greeks and 300 Spartans. A spartan leader Leonidas sacrificed himself, and the 300 spartan warriors, to allow other greek city-states to stay safe because a greek traitor tells the persians how to surround their army. 

Describe the battle at Salamis

310 Greek ships got trapped by persian ships that were surrounding the island Salamis and blocking the seas channel, a naval battle then started. But the channel was too narrow for the large Persian fleet to move around well, this gave the Persians a disadvantage, and the Persians navy they got destroyed.

What did the Athenian army do to win the Battle at Marathon?

Did a surprise attack on the Persian army

Who won the Battle at Thermopylae?

The Persian Army

What was formed following the Persian Wars to stop future Persian invasion?

The Delian League formed between city-states with the purpose of warding off any future Persian invasion.

What was the conflict between Sparta and Athens called?

The Peloponnesian Wars

What were the causes of the Peloponnesian War?

Athens dominates Delian league, Anti-Athenian feelings spread throughout Greece, Sparta and allies form the Peloponnesian League

What were the two key events of the Peloponnesian War?

Sparta allies with Persia and a plague goes through Athens killing ⅓ of the population\

Which Greek polis came to dominate Greece following the Persian Wars?

Athens

What were the effects of the Peloponnesian Wars?

Athenian and overall Greece power decreases, new power called Macedonia rises

Why are there no or little written accounts of Spartan history?

Because it was forbidden to keep written records back then.

Three characteristics of every Spartan girl or boy?

Physically strong, mentally sharp, emotionally resilient

What was the most important lesson taught to Spartan people throughout school?

That their allegiance should always be to Sparta first.