Human A&P - Exam 6 (Urinary/Reproductive)

final process of maturation of sperm cells in the female vagina

cells in testes that serves as the blood-testicular barrier/what they are also called

nurse cells

erection is caused by

arrangement of right and left kidney

right kidney is lower than the left

vertebrae that provides protections of the kidneys

paired ureters, tubular structures are apart of

paired/urinary system

natural voiding of the bladder

name of 8

glucose; Na+, amino acids; K+, protein; Ca2+, vitamins; Mg2+, lactate; Cl-, urea; HCO3-, uric acid; H2O

name of 9

urea; H+, uric acid; NH4+, creatine, some drugs

name of 10

H+, K+, NH4-

name of 11

H2O, urea

name of 12

urea

retroperitoneal

bulbourethral gland

accessory gland, contributes 5% to semen

• mucous secretion, just before ejaculation, helps neutralize pH of female vagina

ductus deferens/vas deferens

prostate gland

seminal vesicle

testes

difference/characteristics of primary active transport/secondary active transport

name of a

prostatic urethra

name of b

membranous urethra

name of c

bulbar urethra

name of d

penile urethra

gonads

are exocrine/endocrine glands

perineum, location

structures of sperm

similarities and differences btw urethra in males/females

functions of urinary system

primary organs of urinary system

urine forming unites of the kidneys

different forms of active transport work/what they are called

blood filtration takes place, step of urine formation

calcitriol

vitamin D

erythropoietin

renin

vasopressin

ribs that provide protection against trauma and other damage to kidneys

three steps of urine formation

glomerular filteration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

podocytes, where, what

arteriole leading into and out of glomerulus, afferent or efferent

large diameter

renal tubules stain, distal convoluted tubules or proximal

more intensely eosinophilic

which renal tubule is longer, distal or proximal

what is an not an electrolyte, properties/examples of net charge ions

synthesis

most biologically active form of vitamin D completed in kidneys

cells of urinary system

synthesize renin

two structures that make up renal corpuscle

type of capillaries are found in glomerulus of the nephrons

cells lining the glomerulus form an inner lining of the filtration membrane called the _________ layer

details of the components, sources, and functions of the enzymes that are part of RAA one that is produced by the kidneys

components of RAAS causes sodium retention and helps raise blood pressure back to normal levels

components of RAAS that cause vasoconstriction

male gonads are called

male copulatory organ is called

structure that is temporary storage site for sperm cells as well a where sperm carry out part of their maturation

name of foreskin of the penis

transport of sperm cells from epididymis to the seminal vesicle

endocrine gland that produces gonadotrophin releasing hormone

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), do, where they are made, what cells they target

names of muscles found in the scrotum to help regulate temperature in the scrotum to facilitate proper sperm development

spermatogenesis

leydig cells (interstitial cells of the testicular lobules) secrete testosterone - stimulates secondary sex traits and spermatogenesis

spermiogenesis

completion of sperm differentiation and migration to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

• loss of superfluous cytoplasm, development of the acrosome

spermatogonia

sperm stem cells; diploid cells in seminiferous tubules, near the sertoli cells, deep in testicular tissues divide by mitosis

term that refers to the final stages of sperm cell maturation still in the epididymis

structure of the penis responsible for anchoring to pelvic bone

sperm cell formation in the testes occurs in the

tissue that is derived from the serous membrane of the peritoneum but is not continuous with the peritoneum to keep sperm cells separated from interstitial fluids and blood and is part of the “immune privilege of the testes”

urethra

unpaired organ that is shared in males between the urinary and reproductive system

two columns of erectile tissue making up the bulk of the penis are called, what the third column of tissue is called

corpora cavernosa

run longitudinally along lateral aspects; expanded at base near the bulb at the base of the penis (2 columns of tissue)

corpus spongiosum

surrounding spongy urethra (1 column of tissue)

glans penis

prepuce

urethra

prostate gland

is found in males but not females

discharge of semen into the prostatic urethra

capacitation

emission

ejaculation

vasectomy

flow of urine

calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, urinary bladder, ureter

urinary system consists of two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and two urethrae

false

function of urinary system

regulate synthesis of Vitamin D

not a function of the urinary system

excretion of solid wastes

first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

calyx

kidney lie on the posterior abdominal wall, within the peritoneal cavity

false

filtrate flow through a nephron

glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting dust

renal corpuscle consists of the glomerular capsule and the peritubular capillaries

false

constriction of the afferent arteriole will decrease glomerular capillary pressure

true

portion of the renal tubule absorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water

proximal convoluted tubule

ovarian hormones involved in a positive-feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary

estrogen

release of estrogens from the ovaries stimulates the release of GnRH from

hypothalamus

meiosis I in humans

2N - 1N

spermatogenesis occurs in

seminiferous tubules

a spermatogonium

divides by mitosis to produce a spermatogonium and a primary spermatocyte

one of the following has an antrum

mature follicle

the _________blank ruptures at ovulation and releases the secondary oocyte

mature follicle

follicle-stimulating hormone binds primarily to _________blank and promotes _________blank

sustentacular cells, sperm production

path of an unfertilzied oocyte through the female reproductive tract

ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina

during the female sex act

the clitoris becomes engored with blood