High note5 8(a)

authorise smb to do sth

give official permission for something to happen

to bar smb from doing smth

prevent something or someone from doing something or going somewhere, or to not allow something

born into slavery

children are born as slaves

cannonball

a metal ball that is shot from a large gun

clamp down on smb

to take strong action to stop or limit a harmful or unwanted activity

come down on smb/sth

punish or criticize a person or activity very strongly

come out with sth

say sth surprising

condemn

to express strong disapproval of

condone

accept or allow behaviour that is wrong

disprove

to show that something is not what it has been claimed to be; refute

endorse

to support

entitle smb to do sth

give someone the right to do or have something

fad

something that is very popular for a short time, then forgotten

flee to freedom

escape from slavery

give permission for sth/to do sth

let smb do sth

hold off on

delay

hold sth back from

to prevent someone from doing something, or to prevent something from happening

hold sth against smb

you let their actions in the past influence your present attitude towards them and cause you to deal severely or unfairly with them

lobby for

to push for a goal , campaign, press, pressure, push, influence, promote, urge, persuade

musket ball

ammunition shot from muskets

outlaw

to make something illegal

perseverance

continued efforts in spite of difficulties

proscribe

to forbid

put an end to sth

to make something stop happening or existing

rebel

a person who refuses to obey orders or the law

rebellion

open defiance of authority

revolve

to go around something in a circle; to turn around in a circle

sanction

permission; support

scruffy

dirty and untidy

to set about doing sth

start doing sth in an organised and committed way

set forth

showed

set out to do sth

to begin an action with a particular goal in mind

set smb against

to cause one person to argue or fight with another person

simulteneousely

at the same time

speak out against

stand in the opposite side by speaking out one's opinion

to take a stance against something

to protest a perceived injustice through words or action

take sth in

to understand

take strong action against sth

doing to stop sth

take to doing

start doing as a habit

under house arrest

legally forced to stay in your house as if in prison

will

desire

yield to

to agree to do something that you don't want to do

youthful

remaining young and energetic