Anatomy Quiz 4

Digestion

The process of breaking down ingested food into simpler products suitable for absorption, then metabolism by the body

Mechanical Digestion

The physical pulverization of food by chewing to break it into smaller bits, then swallowing it and having the smooth muscles in the walls of the digestive tract churn the food to be mixed with the chemical enzymes present in the tract.

Chemical Digestion

Enzymes splitting large molecules into smaller ones capable of being absorbed through the walls of the digestive tract and into the blood or lymph vessels. (ex.carbohydrates → simple sugars, proteins → amino acids, & fats → glycerol & fatty acids.)

Alimary Canal/GI Tract

Muscular tube from mouth to anal canal.

Esophagus

Muscular tube that uses peristalsis, approx. 10 in., which serves as a passageway for food between the pharynx and the stomach.

Stomach

“pouch-like” dilation of the alimentary canal, which serves as a reservoir for food to be further mixed with digestive juices prior to entering the small intestine.

Peyer’s Patches

Clusters of lymphatic tissue located in the
ileum of the small intestine that act as immune surveillance sites to detect harmful bacteria.

Prevent pathogens from entering the bloodstream through the intestines & aid in the production of immune responses against intestinal infections.

Chyme

A creamy, semi-solid substance stomach converts from food from churning.

Gastric juices contain:

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Activates pepsin (protein digestion).
• Pepsin: Breaks proteins into amino acids.
• Mucus: Protects stomach lining.

Duodenum (~10 inches)

Receives bile & pancreatic enzymes. in small intestine

Liver

Produces bile (digests fats), detoxifies blood. Largest gland in body.

Gallbladder

Stores & concentrates bile.

Pancreas

Produces pancreatic juice & insulin.

Urinary System

Removes waste, filter blood, and balance body fluids.

Kidneys

Filters Blood, Chief organs of the urinary system
o Ureters (Transport Urine).
o Bladder (Stores Urine).
o Urethra (Eliminates Urine).

Renal Cortex

Outer layer of kidneys

Ureters (~12 inches)

tubes which convey urine out of the kidney and down to the urinary bladder

Urethra

the tube which carries urine out of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

Which of the following is NOT a form of mechanical digestion?

Absorption

All of the following organs are part of the alimentary canal except:

Liver

Most water absorption happens in this digestive system organ:

Large Intestine

The liver produces this substance to help digest fats:

Bile

The functional unit of the kidneys is the:

Nephron

The main function of the urinary system include all of the following except:

Regulation of temperature

Digestion starts in the:

Mouth

The main filtering organ of the urinary system are the:

Kidneys

The organs connecting the kidneys to the bladder are the:

Ureters

The function of the bladder is to:

Store urine before excretion.

Signs of dehydration from Digestive & Urinary systems

Constipation and Dark Urine

Glomerulus are located in which kidney structure

Nephrons

Pepsin and hydrochloric acid are produced in what digestive organ?

Stomach

What structure keeps food from goig to trachea when swallowing?

Epiglottis

Secrete saliva containing amylase begin digesting what macronutrient?

Carbohydrates

What waste do kidneys excrete?

Urea

Order of Urinary System:

Kidneys→Ureters→Bladder→Urethra

Function of kidneys for blood is:

Filtration