Chemistry chapter 2

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Barber grade 10

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19 Terms

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Acid

A molecule or ion capable of donating a proton or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair.

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Base

A molecule or ion able to accept a proton from another molecule

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Acid-Base

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base which results in the formation of a salt and water.

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Reactant

A substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction to form products.

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Product

A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

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Synthesis Reaction

A synthesis reaction is a type of chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product. It follows the general form: A+BABA + B \rightarrow AB

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Combustion Reaction

A combustion reaction is a chemical process that involves the rapid reaction between a substance with an oxidant, usually oxygen, to produce heat and light. It often involves a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The general form is: Fuel+O2CO2+H2OFuel + O2 \rightarrow CO2 + H_2O

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Single Replacement Reaction

A single replacement reaction, also known as a displacement reaction, is a chemical reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound. The general form is: A+BCAC+BA + BC \rightarrow AC + B

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Decomposition Reaction

A decomposition reaction is a chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. The general form is: ABA+BAB \rightarrow A + B

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Double Replacement Reaction

A double replacement reaction, also known as a metathesis reaction, is a chemical reaction in which two compounds react, and the positive ions (cations) and the negative ions (anions) of the two reactants switch places, forming two new compounds. The general form is: AB+CDAD+CBAB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB

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Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other. In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution.

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Covalent Compound

A covalent compound is a substance formed when atoms share electrons to create a bond. Also referred to as a molecular compound.

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Ionic Compound

An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.

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Covalent Bond

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms is known as covalent bonding.

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Ionic Bond

An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. These ions are typically formed when a metal donates one or more electrons to a nonmetal, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.

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Exothermic Reaction

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat or light. In these reactions, the total energy of the products is less than the total energy of the reactants.

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Endothermic Reaction

An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, typically in the form of heat. In these reactions, the total energy of the products is greater than the total energy of the reactants.

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Law of Conservation of Mass

The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. In other words, the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants.

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pH Scale

The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. It ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, values less than 7 indicate acidity, and values greater than 7 indicate alkalinity or basicity.