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Last updated 3:47 PM on 2/25/25
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20 Terms

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Bill of Rights
Limits the federal branch of government by enshrining individual rights.
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Selective Incorporation Doctrine
A constitutional doctrine ensuring states cannot enact laws that infringe upon rights protected by the Bill of Rights.
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Components of the Criminal Justice System
Consists of courts, police, and corrections.
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Federalism
The system of government where state and federal authorities operate, with checks and balances on each sector.
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District Court
The court where all criminal cases first appear, also handling misdemeanor trials.
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Trial Courts/Circuit Court
Handles felony trials and mandatory jurisdiction over appeals from District Court.
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Court of Appeals
An intermediate appellate court with both mandatory and discretionary jurisdiction.
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Supreme Court
The court of last resort, characterized by discretionary jurisdiction.
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Jurisprudence
The study or philosophy of law.
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Socio-legal theory
Suggests that law is constantly evolving to meet societal needs.
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Legal positivism
The belief that laws created by an authoritative agency using appropriate processes are valid.
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Rights of the Accused
Includes due process rights as stipulated in the 5th and 14th amendments.
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District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)
A landmark case affirming the right to possess a firearm for self-defense within one's home.
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6th Amendment - Speedy Trial
Ensures the accused the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.
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Problems in Process Delays
Delays in case processing can erode public confidence in the legal system and affect defendants, witnesses, and victims.
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Lower Courts (Inferior Courts)
Courts with limited jurisdiction that handle specific legal claims.
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District Courts in Michigan
Handle civil claims under $25,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases.
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Probate Courts
Courts that deal with estates and guardianships.
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Family Court
Handles juvenile and divorce cases within family law.
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Civil cases over $25,000
Includes personal injury, commercial disputes, and other civil matters.