language of medicine chapter 21 Pharmacology

esthes/o

feeling, sensation

erg/o

work

cutane/o

skin

derm/o

skin

cras/o

mixture

chem/o

drug

bronch/o

bronchial tube

alges/o

sensitivity to pain

aer/o

air

antihistamine

Drug that is effective in preventing symptoms of allergy

sedative

A mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep.

progestin

Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy.

narcotic

Habit-forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples

thyroid hormones

Secretion from an endocrine gland in the neck; stimulates cellular metabolism

stimulant

Excites and promotes activity. Caffeine and amphetamines are examples.

respiratory drug

Treats, asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system. Bronchodilators.

purgative

Relieves constipation; strong cathartic and laxative

antiplatelet

Reduces the ability of thrombocytes to stick together and form a clot.

laxative

weak cathartic

aromatase Inhibitor

Reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking an enzyme.

calcium channel blocker

Drug that blocks the entrance of calcium into the heart muscle and lining of blood vessels: antihypertensive, antiarrhythmic, antianginal drug.

gastrointestional

Relieves symptoms of disease in the gastrointestional tract. ex; antacids, antinuclear, antidiarrheal, cathartics, laxatives, purgatives, and antinauseants

Estrogen

Female hormone that promotes developing of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.

Antibiotic

Drug produced by a plant or microorganisms, which has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms.

endocrine

A hormone or hormone-like drug. examples: are androgens, estrogens, progestins, SERM's thyroid hormone, and glucocorticoids.

caffeine

central nervous system stimulant

Diuretic

Drug that increases production of urine and thus reduces the volume of blood in the body, lowers blood pressure.

Cardiovascular drug

Acts on the heart and blod vessels. This category of drug includes ACE inibitors, beta-blockers, calcium, channel blockers, cholesterol-lowering drugs

cardiac glycoside

Increases the force of contraction of the heart.

glucocorticoid

hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation.

Beta-blocker

Drug that is, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, antianginal, blocks receptors in blood vessels.

bacteriostatic

Inhibits bacterial growth (static means stopping or controllong)

bactericidal

Kills bacteria (-cidal means able to kill)

cathartic

drug that relieves constipation

biphosphonate

drug that prevents bone loss and osteopenia.

hypnotic

drug that produces sleep or a trance-like-state.

emetic

drug that promotes vomiting

antiviral

acts against viruses such as herpes viruses and HIV

antiulcer

Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.

antiplatlet

reduces the tendency of platelets aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation

topical application

drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body.

antinauseant

relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic

antacid

drug that neutralizes acid in the stomach

ACE inhibitor

drug that lowers blood pressure

antiemetic

prevents nausea and vomiting

antidiarrheal

prevents diarrhea

anesthetic

drug that reduces or eliminates sensation

antidiabetic

drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus

antidepressant

relieves symptoms of depression

amphetamine

central nervous system stimulant

anticonvulsant

prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity)

toxicology

study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.

anticoagulent

prevents blood clotting

tolerance

larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect.

antiarrhythmic

treats abnormal heart rythms

antiandrogen

slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues.

toxicity

harmful effects of a drug

angiotensin 2 receptor blocker

lower blood pressure by preventing angiotension from acting on receptors in blood vessels.

vitamin

substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.

androgen

male hormone

analgesic

drug that relieves pain

side effects

adverse reaction that routinely results from use of a drug.

transport

movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing

sublingual administration

drugs given by placement under the tongue.

Food and Drug administraion (FDA)

governmental agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.

pharmacist

specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

dose

amount of drug administered usually measured in milligrams

pahrmacokinetics

calculation of drug concentration in tissues and body fluids over a period of time.

dependence

prolonged use of a drug that mat lead to physiological need for its actions in the body.

controlled substances

drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.

Physician Desk Reference (PDR)

drug products are listed and described in this book.

synergism

combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than te sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.

syn

together, with

par

other than, apart, from

syringe

instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.

contra

against, opposite

anti

against

receptor

target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.

pharmacology

study of preparation, uses, amd actions of drugs.

ana

upward, excessive, again

vit/o

life

ven/o

vein

rectal administration

drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.

pharmacodynamics

study of the effects and strength of a drug within the body.

vas/o

vessel

idiosyncracy

unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual but not seen in most patients.

tox/o-toxic/o

poison

pharmacologist

specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs

pharmacy

location for preparing and dispensing drugs

thec/o

sheath (of brain and spinal cord)

molecular pharmacology

study of interactions of drugs and their molecules, enzymes, or cell surface receptors.

pyret/o

fever

prurit/o

itching

parenteral administration

drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins.

inhalation

administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth

pharmac/o

drug

or/o

mouth

oral administration

drugs are given by mouth

iatrogenic

condition caused by treatment given by physicians or medical personnel.