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wireless access point
link between wireless and wired networks
creates a wireless LAN that allows devices with WiFi to connect to a wired network
separate device or built into a device
router
transfer data packets between networks
recieve packets and use the IP address (in header) to find the best route
data transferred from router to router
stores IP address of each computer connected to it
uses routing table (a list) to calculate quickest/shortest route
switch
connects devices together on LAN
recieves data packets from a node, reads the destination address in packet header, forwards data directly to destination
generate a list of MAC addresses of all connected devices when it recieves data
Network Interface Controller/Card
required for comuter to connect to network
MAC address which is used for sending data across a LAN
ethernet cable plugged into network card to exchange data
used to be a separate card but is now embedded on the motherboard
transmission media
communication channel
ethernet cables - used by a LAN to transfer data between nodes/switches (Cat5e and Cat6)
Fibre optic cables - fast, expensive, fragile, used for WANs, data as pulses of light
coaxial cables: older, slower, copper cables. Affected by electromagnetic interference.
internet
global network of interconnected networks
world wide web isnt the internet, its a way of information access, using HTTPS protocols to view web pages
website hosted (stored) on a web server to be accessed by others
unique domain name registered with a domain registrar (company that checks name is valid and unused)
internet - servers
provide services
e.g. web server reponds to web broswer (client) request. Server processes request
DNS servers
Domain Name System server stores list of domain names and their IP address
every web page has:
domain name (easy for humans to type)
IP address (unique address for device the web page is stored on)
to display a web page
domain name typed into address bar
query sent to local DNS server for IP address
if IP address found, DNS sends it to browser
if not found, query passed onto DNS server at a higher level.
When found, the address is passed back down lower levels to your local server
browser conneccts to IP address of server and can access website
cloud storage: overview
networks of servers accessed on internet
cloud computing: remote service provision
data stored on the cloud is stored in big servers owned by hosting company (e.g. google), so data accessible on internet
cloud storage: pros and cons
convenient, people can access at the same time from different devices
high capacity, free (can be upgraded w/ subscription).
if internet connection fails/servers attacked you can’t access data
speed depends on connection