HEART REVIEW

Why is myocardium the thickest wall of the heart?

Because it is the powerhouse of heart, holding 2/3 of its muscle

What is the heart’s pacemaker?

The SA node

What does the SA node do?

It generates signals that make the upper right heart chambers contract

Where is the SA node located

The right atrium

Diastole and Systole occurs in the heart’s

Ventricles

When the ventricle and atriums are relaxed and chamber pressure is low, this is called

Ventricular Diastole

During ventricular diastole

AV vales open, semilunar valves closed and 80% of blood enters the ventricles

During Atria systole

Atria’s contract and pump the other 20% of blood to the ventricles.

When the semilunar valves open and the atria is filled up with blood, this is called

Ventricular systole

When the semilunar valves close, ventricles relax and pressure decreases this is called

Early diastole

When taking blood pressure, which of the two is the top number

Systolic pressure - when the heart pumps

When taking blood pressure, which of the two is the bottom number

Diastolic pressure - when the heart rests between beats

What marks the beginning of ventricular diastole.

The AV valves closing

When the AV valves close, this causes pressure in the heart to be

higher in the ventricles (lub)

When the seminlunar valves are closing

ventricles relax and pressure in the atria is higher (dub)

What is the term for the lack of oxygen to the body?

hypoxia

Smaller lumen is

Artery

Thicker lumen is

Vein

Upper chambers

Atrium

Lower chambers

Ventricles

What is the deep layer of the heart wall?

Endocardium

What is the superficial layer of the heart wall?

Epicardium

What are the tough strands that hold the AV valves in place when pumping blood?

Chordae Tendinae

What are the functions of the valves of the heart?

to move blood in a singular direction and prevent backflow

biocuspid and tricuspid move blood from

the atria to the ventricles

The semilunar valves move blood

to the lungs rest of the body through the ventricles

Base

superior

Apex

inferior

What encloses the heart?

The pericardium

The inflammation of the pericardium (chest pain), caused by and infection or heart attack

Pericarditis

What artery is blood pressure most likely taken from?

Brachial

What artery do you use to check someone else’s pulse?

Radial

What artery do you use to check your pulse?

Carotid

Where is the pericardial cavity?

Left of your breastbone and anterior to the liver

Thicker media

Artery

Thinner media

Vein

What is the function of capillaries?

Exchange of oxygen through the blood vessels

The electrical impulse in the AV node cannot move on to the bundle of HIS until

it fills with blood and then hears the lub dub

Where does the bundle of HIS start contracting

At the wall between the ventricles

What is cardiac output?

The amount of blood pumped into the ventricles in 1 minute

pulmonary flow is the

blue cycle

systemic flow is the

red cycle

What chamber is the pulmonary pump?

Right ventricle

What chamber is the systemic pump?

Left ventricle

What muscle allows the closing/opening of the valves of the heart?

Papillary muscle