Chapter 33: Activity

Vocabulary flashcards to help understand key concepts related to activity and the muscular and skeletal systems.

Skeletal System

The framework of bones, joints, and cartilage that protects organs and allows the body to move.

Metopoiesis

The process of producing blood cells in the body.

Classifications of Bones

Bones are classified into four categories: long, short, flat, and irregular.

Abduction

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body.

Circumduction

Circular movement of a limb or joint.

Flexion

Bending of a joint that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Extension

Straightening of a joint that increases the angle between two body parts.

Isotonic Exercise

Muscle shortening with active movement, e.g., walking or jogging.

Isometric Exercise

Muscle contraction without shortening and with minimal movement, e.g., holding a yoga pose.

Isokinetic Exercise

Muscle contraction with resistance, e.g., weight lifting.

Cardiac Muscle

The muscle tissue that forms the bulk of the heart.

Smooth Muscle (Visceral)

Muscle tissue that forms the walls of hollow organs, like the stomach and intestines.

Postural Reflexes

Reflexes that help maintain body posture and position.

Efferent Neurons

Nerve fibers that convey responses from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles.

Afferent Neurons

Nerve fibers that convey sensory information to the central nervous system.

Heat Production

A function of muscles that contributes to maintaining body temperature.

Nervous System and Muscle Contraction

The nervous system is essential for muscle contraction and purposeful movement.

Benefits of Exercise

Exercise has numerous benefits including improved cardiovascular health, increased muscle strength, and enhanced coordination.

Proper Body Mechanics

Techniques that promote safe lifting and transferring to prevent injury.

Protective Positioning

Specific positions used to protect patients from complications like aspiration.

Mechanical Aids for Walking

Devices such as walkers and canes that assist with stability during ambulation.

Reflexes

Involuntary responses to stimuli that help with posture and balance.

Developmental Considerations

Age-related factors influencing mobility, including differences in children and the elderly.

Fatigue and Stress

Factors affecting the ability to be physically active and mobile.