Quiz 1 Highway

Transportation

The act or process of moving people or things from one place to another

1885

First Automobile

Road transport

completely offers freedom to road users to transfer vehicles according to their needs and convenience.

highways

the dominant mode of most passenger and freight movements

Highway Engineering

An engineering discipline branching from civil engineering that involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, bridges, and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.

Traffic Engineering

Branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways

Mesopotamian s, Hayans, Astecs and Incas

For movement of armies and for defense against invasion and For transport of food and goods.

Romans

discovered cement

Jerome Tresaguet

who introduced new methods of construction and maintenance of stone roads. He improved the crown, drainage, and grade of the road and reduced the depth of broken stones by 25 cm. “Father of Modern Road Building”

Thomas Telford

President and founder of the Institute of Civil Engineers. He employed a flat sub-grade”

Adam Loudon Mcadam

Scottish engineer who developed the Macadam Road Concept. He discovered that massive foundations of rock upon rock were unnecessary.

Eli Blake

He invented the first stone crusher in Europe in 1858

Aveling and Porter

A company that introduced the steam road roller weighing 30 tons in France

American Era

initiated the development of roadways - Macadam road type was introduced

1910

The first appearance of motor vehicles on the Philippines highways.

1987 - Department of Public Works and Highways

As the primary engineering and construction arm of the government. They are responsible for the planning, design, construction and maintenance

Railway engineering

an engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and operation of railway systems.

Rail

A steel bar extending horizontally between supports which is used as a track for railroad

Sleeper

The load from rails when the train passes, is taken by these sleepers, and is distributed to the ballast

Elastic Pads

used to increase the elasticity of the superstructure of the ballast and reduce shock vibration in the rail.

Fastening System

The function of the rail fastening system is to fix rails to railway sleepers or railroad ties.

Switches and Crossings

These are moveable sections of track that guide trains from one track to another and allow them to cross paths.

Formation Layer

(also called subgrade level). the ground surface prepared to support the track surface. It is the top layer of the extended subsoil.

Subgrade

made up of native soil that has been compacted to withstand the loads above it.

Lineside Systems

comprise the level crossings and the electrification, signaling, and telecommunication systems.

Facilities and Premises

comprise the stations, the depots, and other building facilities (administration buildings, warehouses, etc.).

Wheelset

consists of three basic parts: - Axle - Wheel – consists of the wheel thread and wheel body

Rails

consists of three basic parts: - head - web - foot

Track design speed

defined as the speed of the track alignment and corresponding railway infrastructure as engineering structures, systems/premises) has been designed and constructed for

Permissible track speed

the maximum speed that may be developed on a railway track section at the time a given rolling stock is commissioned

Maximum running speed

the maximum speed developed by a particular train type on a given line, while performing a scheduled route

Operating speed

the speed that is developed at the biggest part of the route (e.g., at 2/3 of the route length) by a particular train type while performing a scheduled route.

Instant speed

the speed with which a train passes from a specific kilometric point at a specific time

Commercial speed

the ratio of the length of a railway route (usually between the two terminals or between two important intermediate stations) to the time it takes to cover it, including halt times at all intermediate stations and delays.

Average running speed

the quotient of the length of a line segment (usually between two successive stations), to the time taken to pass this segment, considering normal traffic conditions (e.g., no unforeseen delays).

Rolling stock design speed

the maximum speed that, according to the manufacturer, can be developed by a particular type of locomotive, or with which a trailer vehicle can move, or, finally, the maximum speed that can be developed by a multiple unit of given formation taking into consideration the traction system

1800 James Watt

Discovery of the steam engine

HDM-4 HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE

Software system for evaluating options for investing in road transport infrastructure. - A decision making tool for checking the engineering and economic viability of the investment in road projects

National Roads

Declared by the President as recommended by the DPWH Secretary

Provincial Roads

Roads connecting one municipality to another, with the terminal to be the public plaza; plus roads extending from one municipality or from a provincial or national roads to a public wharf or railway station

City Roads

Roads or streets within the urban area of a city not classified as provincial or national road

Municipal Roads

Roads or streets within the poblacion area of a municipality not classified as provincial or national road

Barangay Roads

Roads located outside the poblacion area of a municipality or urban area of a city and those outside industrial, commercial or residential subdivision and those which act as a feeder to farm-to-market roads

Tourism Roads

Roads which marketed as particularly suited for tourists

Farm-to-Market Roads

Roads linking the agriculture and fisheries production sites, coastal landing points and post-harvest facilities to the market and aerial roads

Grid or Block Pattern

This type of pattern is a scheme where the streets and roads are moving perpendicular to each other in the form of a grid or block thus forming a block or grid pattern.

Radial or Star & Circular Pattern

Roads or streets within the urban area of a city not classified as provincial or national road

Radial or Star & Grid Pattern

The radial and the circular pattern is the road pattern in which the main roads originate from a central point and connected together by narrow roads that radiate outward.

Hexagonal Pattern

This pattern is a network of roads that grow in such a manner in different directions forming hexagons.

TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT - Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

integrated urban places designed to bring people, activities, buildings, and public places together, with easy walking and cycling connection between them and near-excellent transit service to the rest of the city.

DO 01

Potholes

DO 06

No / Faded Pavement Markings

DO 8

Lush Vegetations

DO 14

Unmaintained Signages and Road Markers

DO31 s2019

Kilometer Post