US History: Interconnected Economy, Reform Movements, and the Slavery Conflict

Flashcards covering key vocabulary, economic concepts, reform movements, and political developments from 1820 to 1850.

War of 1812 Economic Impact

Event where British blockades and trade disruptions forced Americans to produce their own goods, sparking industrialization in the Northeast.

Erie Canal

A transport route connecting the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and Atlantic ports, lowering costs and increasing speed for shipping goods.

Henry Clay's American System

An economic plan that used federal power to actively fund infrastructure, tariffs, and a national bank to strengthen the public economy.

British Industrialization Model

An economic system funded and controlled by private, wealthy factory owners with very little government involvement.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival teaching that ordinary individuals had active moral responsibility to improve themselves and reform society.

Temperance

A social reform movement aiming to reduce or ban alcohol consumption, targeting it as the root of poverty and domestic violence.

Common School Movement

A public education reform effort focused on creating tax-funded schools because democracy requires educated voters.

Abolitionism

The reform movement dedicated to ending the institution of slavery.

Women's Rights Movement

A reform movement for gender equality and suffrage sparked at the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention.

Frederick Douglass

An abolitionist speaker and author who used his lived experience and published The North Star newspaper to fight slavery.

The North Star

An anti-slavery newspaper published by Frederick Douglass to spread abolitionist ideas.

American Anti-Slavery Society

An organization formed by abolitionists demanding immediate emancipation and an end to slavery.

Liberty Party

A distinct political group formed to fight slavery through the legal and political system.

American Colonization Society

An organization that supported the liberation and resettlement of free Black individuals to Africa.

National Market

An interconnected U.S. economy from the 1820s to 1850s where the Northeast, South, and West relied heavily on one another.

Northeast Region (1820s-1850s)

The industrial hub relying on fast rivers for water-wheel power and immigrant labor to run textile and iron factories.

South Region (1820s-1850s)

The raw material provider relying on slave labor on plantations to produce cotton for Northern mills.

West Region (1820s-1850s)

The nation's breadbasket producing food, grain, and agricultural goods to feed Eastern cities.

Protective Tariffs

Taxes on foreign imports designed to force Americans to buy American-made goods.

National Bank

A unified financial system designed to stabilize currency and handle government money.

Internal Improvements

Government-funded roads and canals designed to move goods smoothly across the nation.

Whigs

The political party that supported federal power to build infrastructure and strengthen the national economy.

Jacksonian Democrats

The political party opposing federal infrastructure funding, claiming it unfairly favored wealthy Northern businessmen over the common man.

Horace Mann

Educational reformer who led the creation of tax-funded Common Schools.

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

The convention where the organized women's rights movement was sparked.

Declaration of Sentiments

Document written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, modeled after the Declaration of Independence, demanding women's right to vote.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women's rights leader who authored the Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls.

Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)

A slave rebellion that terrified white Southerners, prompting Southern states to pass harsher laws restricting enslaved and free Black people.

William Lloyd Garrison

An abolitionist leader who demanded immediate freedom for enslaved people.

Sectional Tension by 1850

The state of the nation where trade pulled the economy together while moral and political conflict over slavery pulled people apart.