4 Religion and religious divisions

Who was John Calvin?

a French man who was involved in the protestant reformation, his ideas influenced Protestantism in England

Which branch of Christianity was named after John Calvin?

Calvinism

What was the belief in predestination?

belief that someone's salvation was already decided by god and not dependent on how a person lived

What did the Puritans sometimes refer to themselves as and why?

the 'godly' or the 'elect' because they believed their salvation was predestined

What was the Puritan belief in 'double predestination'?

the belief that some were already saved and others were already damned

How did the Puritans feel about the English reformation?

they felt the church had not been sufficiently reformed

How did the Arminians feel about the English reformation?

they felt the church had been reformed too much and wanted to bring in more in line with traditional Catholic practices

Define Arminianism

a denomination of Protestantism whose members did not want further reformation of the CofE

Why were Arminians seen as close to Catholicism?

due to their emphasis on ceremony

What were Arminians sometimes alternatively called?

anti-Calvinists

Why were English Protestants hostile to Catholics? (3)

due to the reformation, the burning of Protestants under Mary I, and the war against Catholic Spain during Elizabeth's rule

How did Protestants view the Pope?

they saw him as the Antichrist (personal opponent of Christ)

What were two of James' works in which he established the Pope as the Antichrist?

"A Paraphrase upon the Revelation of the Apostle Saint John" and "A Premonition to all most mighty monarchies"

What was James' approach towards Catholics in England?

was tolerant of those who were quiet, passive and loyal to the English Crown, as many still were

When was the gunpowder plot?

1605

When was the thirty years war?

1618-1648

When was the first major defeat for the Protestants in the thirty years war?

1620

Where was the defeat for the Protestants in 1620? (thirty years war)

battle of the white mountain in bohemia

When did James order the collection of recusancy fines?

May 1603

When did Parliament encourage legislation against Jesuits?

1604

What was the 1606 oath of allegiance?

James forced catholic recusants to declare their allegiance to him and not the Pope

When was the oath of allegiance?

1606

What was the oath of allegiance a response to?

the gunpowder plot

When did Parliament pass two severe laws against the Catholics?

January 1606

Why did James not rigorously enforce the two severe laws against Catholics passed in January 1606? (4)

lack of administrative drive, personal inclination towards tolerance, didn't want to provoke Catholic Spain, didn't have the money to be dragged into war with catholic Spain

What were recusancy fines?

fines imposed on recusants

What was a recusant?

anyone who did not attend the compulsory CofE service on a Sunday

Who were the Jesuits?

a very aggressive religious order of the Catholic church which fought to convert Protestant countries to Catholicism

Who were the most likely to be recusants (2) and why?

Catholics/Puritans because they felt they could not attend a service with which they didn't agree

When was the Millenary Petition?

1603

What was the Millenary Petition and what did it call for? (4)

a list of requests calling for the modifications in church services, freedom of ministers not to wear ceremonial robes, education requirements for ministers, reform of ecclesiastical courts

What was a tithe?

one tenth of a parishioner's produce, which was paid as a salary to the local clergyman

What did James announce in July 1603 concerning the demands of the Millenary Petition?

all income from impropriated tithes would be devoted to paying better salaries to church ministers

When was the Hampton Court Conference?

January 1604

What was the Hampton Court Conference?

a religious conference in which James listened to the demands of the Puritans

What was the only permanent achievement from the Hampton Court Conference?

King James Bible

When was the King James Bible completed?

1611

When did James give his support to Bancroft's Canons?

September 1604

When was Richard Bancroft installed as the new Archbishop of Canterbury?

December 1604

What did Bancroft's Canons mean in practice?

persecuting Puritans

When was there a drive for conformity?

1604 - 1605

When did James allow moderate reform again?

1606

What did Bancroft order in terms of the 1604 canons?

that all clergy who refused to conform to the canons should be expelled form their position

What was the "Jacobethan balance"?

the notion of the broad Church of England that Elizabeth and James maintained

When was the proposed Spanish match?

1621 - 1624

Why did it seem that James was moving towards Arminianism? (2)

allowed Arminian clerics greater prominence in theological debates at court, didn't censor Richard Montagu

When did Richard Montagu publish "A New Gag for an Old Goose"?

1624

What was Richard Montagu's Arminian tract in 1624 called?

A New Gag for an Old Goose

Why did it seem that Charles was moving towards Arminianism? (3)

married Henrietta Maria, didn't censor Montagu in 1625, made Montagu royal chaplain

When was the York House Conference?

February 1626

Who requested the York House Conference?

the Earl of Warwick

What did Warwick intend to do at the York House Conference?

persuade Charles to move away from anti-Calvinism

Who did Buckingham support at the York House Conference?

William Laud

How did Charles assert that he would not be dissuaded from supporting the Arminians?

didn't attend the York House Conference

When was William Laud appointed Bishop of London?

summer 1628

When was Montagu appointed Bishop of Chichester?

summer 1628

What was William Laud appointed in 1628?

Bishop of London

What was Montagu appointed in 1628?

Bishop of Chichester