Llandudno case study

title of human geography enquiry

to investigate if economic change in the uk has had an impact on the urban area of llandudno

hypothesis of your human geography enquiry

llandudno's post industrial economy (tourism) has created more opportunities than challenges

what is llandudno's nickname

queen of welsh resorts

what is llandudno

a resort for tourism

when did development of llandudno begin

1850s as a mid victorian holiday destination

how many tourists does llandudno get annually

300,000

what is llandudno's population

21,000

what is a honeypot site

an area that attracts many tourists

what attractions does llandudno have

physical, historical and leisure e.g the pier

what is annual tourism expenditure in llandudno

£90 million

what is a post industrial economy

where the manufacturing industry declines to be replaced by growth in the service sector. this is couples with the development of a quaternary sector

when did the post industrial economy emerge in the uk

in the 1970s 2015 - 78% of uk employment was tertiary only 10% of employment in manufacturing compared to 55% in 1990

positive feedback loop in llandudno

llandudnos post industrial economy has a key focus on the tourism sector of the service economy these effects can lead to the decline of a resort if it becomes less popular or the need for management if visitor numbers increase which places stress on the resources and attractions of a resort

assess the suitability of the choice of fieldwork locations (advantages and disadvantages, link to aims)

survey locations, sample size, attractions and visitors ration, safety, accessibility

survey locations llandudno

different types of service and tourism based areas CBD promenade range of survey points with enough variation for comparative conclusions on the characteristics of each survey location and distance from honeypot site

sample size

population over 20,000 visitors over 300,000 gather sufficient data reach appropriate and reliable conclusions

attractions and visitor ratio

purpose built resort many distinct attractions e.g great omre, pier over 300,000 tourist annually good resident to visitor ratio confidently assess whether tourism has created more opputunities or challenges collect accurate data to assess social economic and environmental impacts and reach valid conclusions

safety

key tourism locations, cbd can be surveyed as pavements are wide multiple crossing points available compact resort quick and easy to navigate variations linked to distance can be easily identifies

accessibility

all survey locations within walking distance on level ground so accessible to all students freely accessible to public, no permission needed less than two hours from school, easily accessible within a day

land use survey

RICEPOTS to investigate the key land uses in llandudno and the proportion of buildings used for tourism based activities

traffic count

to investigate if the traffic has distinctive patterns (flows and volumes) allowing us to identify the key honeypot sites and assess any links to tourism based land uses

questionnaire

To investigate if in the opinion of visitors, economic change in the UK has had an impact on the urban area of llandudno. do visitors think llandudno's post industrial economy has created more challenges than oppurtunities

environmental quality survey (biopolar)

to assess the changing quality of the environment with increasing distance from honeypot. this would help/disprove our hypothesis

secondary data for llandudno

historical photos of llandudno to investigate land use patterns historical data from previous schools historical visitor data from conwy county council, allowing changes over time to be investigated

weather risk assessment

a forecast was consulted in advance and students were advised if sun cream or wet weather clothing was a requirement

strangers risk assessment

worked in groups always staff issued guidance on how to approach public politely all survey points public wore uniform to be easily identifiable

getting lost risk assessment

all students given a map regularly met at designated place and time for head count teachers carried first aid kits school mobile number provided for emergencies

road safety risk assessment

worked in groups used designated crossing points reduce risk of run over

justify the use of one sampling strategy used in your human enquiry (why was a sampling strategy and size used? why is it better than others

streets surveyed in fixed locations equidistant, perpendicular to promenade stratified sampling 4/6 perpendicular streets samples unbiased representative sample streets not chosen randomly to avoid residential streets with no links to tourism measurements taken every fifty paces - avoids bias ensures data accurately reflects changes away from honeypot

justify the use of one primary data collection method used in your physical enquiry (why the method is appropriate for the questions used e.g land use classification table/questionnaire. advantages, disadvantages, link to aims. qualitative/quantitative data collection

EQS Bipolar survey tables recorded impressions of different key env characteristics. sliding scale 0-5 less good-good based on descriptive statements repeat every 50 paces - systematic work away from prom LINK TO AIM and example e.g. lots of litter in honeypot sites compare data to fid links between land use, traffic and environment away from honeypot

describe one data presentation technique used t present data in your enquiry

each survey point, used an overlay of tracing paper over land use map (RICEPOTS) of llandudno each transect had compound component proportional bar for each of the five sampled location height of bar proportional to total eqs score shows variations in total eqs score each segment represents score for four sub sections of bipolar annotations

assess how effective your presentation technique was in representing data collected int his enquiry (correct method for type of data) clarity in displaying results? aids for interpretations/patterns/anomalies? links to aims? any problems? suggest and alternative

proportional bar charts used qualitative data to produce quantitative data clear visual rep of environment surveyed 4 streets and 20 sites changing patterns with distance visible from honeypot site clearly visible patterns in eqs and environmental challenges easily identified and linked to distance due to map overlay proportionality aided identifying patterns and anomalies son each transect very large/very small values difficult to plot and interpret proportional subsections made relative contribution easily identified annotations add to understanding data lacked for full length of street explanation for any patterns lacking alternative method - series of line graphs would show spread of values but not locational details so geographical patterns not evident

and links between data set

traffic count - land sue economic streets were bsuiest, attracts tourists e.g mostyn street traffic-EQ commercial streets had lower eqs traffic caused pollution commercial streets worst e.q because more littering and pollution

anomalies in data sets

similar traffic counts except a few which only have a few cars

conclusions

main businesses in Llandudno in service sector are Tourism based traffic flows and volumes show direct correlation with concentration of tourism land uses land use change with distance from honeypot visitors feel post industrial economy has had a positive impact economically in Llandudno visitors feel post industrial economy in Llandudno has had a negative impact socially PARTIALLY ACCEPT HYPOTHESIS

with reference to your methods, results and conclusions suggest how one of your geographical enquiries could be improved CRITICISM HALF

reliability of methods - opportunistic sampling technique, mainly interviewed people over 65 accuracy of results- not a true cross section of society, not always accurate validity of conclusions - not representative of society, not confident in validity R2 - sample size of 10 people was very small A2 not always accurate as one person contributes to 10% of our results V1 results aren't representative of society not always confident in validity of our results

with reference to your methods, results and conclusions suggest how one of your geographical enquiries could be improved IMPROVEMENTS HALF

reliability of methods - larger sample size accuracy of results - more representative of society validity of conclusions - more confident in the validity of our conclusions reliability of methods - stratified sampling, interview a percentage from each age group accuracy of results - removes bias, more representative of all age groups validity of conclusions - more confident in validity

issues with reliability of methods

bipolar survey is qualitative and subjective didn't sample a large honey pot site (pier) only sampled first 200 paces of each transect only measured every 50 paces, missed in between surveyed on a weekday