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Generativity Verses Stagnation
The seventh stage of Erikson's stages of adulthood, where adults seek to be productive in a caring way, often as parents. Productivity can also be expressed through art, caregiving, and employment.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
A pyramid-shaped model that represents the different levels of human needs, including physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
Big Five
The five basic clusters of personality traits that remain relatively stable throughout adulthood, including openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Empty Nest
The period in the lives of parents when their children have left the family home, which can be a happy time for everyone involved.
Social Convoy
The collective group of family members, friends, acquaintances, and even strangers who move through life with a person, providing support and companionship.
Work/Family Balance
The challenge of balancing work and family life, personal needs, and social involvement, which can have mixed consequences for individuals in the changing labor market.
emerging adulthood
Erikson’s 6th stage of development, intimacy verses isolation, begins in…
stagnation
Erikson believed that failure in generativity results in…
Humanism
a theory that stresses the potential of all humans, who have the same basic needs regardless of culture, gender, or background
physiological
The first of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…
safety
The second of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…
love and belonging
The third of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…
esteem
The fourth of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…
self-actualization
The fifth of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…
trait theory
The Big Five theory is considered a…
commitment
a crucial aspect of love in long-term relationships, generally correlating with health and happiness throughout adulthood
an abusive, destructive relationship
Research suggests that, approximately 1/3 of the time, divorce ends…
employment
one contributor to adult psychosocial health.
Demographic Shift
a shift in the proportions of the populations of various ages
9%
The percentage of those 65 or older, worldwide, is
Ageism
a prejudice whereby people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age
Elderspeak
A condescending way of speaking to older adults that resembles baby talk.
Wear-and-Tear
A view of aging as a process by which the human body wears out due to the passage of time and exposure to environmental stressors.
Neurocognitive Disorders (NCDs)
Brain diseases that affect a person's ability to remember, analyze, plan, or interact with others.
memory
Individuals diagnosed with NCDs have a hard time with…
Dementia
A pathological loss of brain functioning, often characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline; is considered a major neurocognitive disorder.
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
A term used to replace "mild cognitive impairment," referring to a slight decline in cognitive abilities.
Polypharmacy
The situation in which older people are prescribed multiple medications, which can result in dementia symptoms.
Cognition in Late Adulthood
Changes in cognitive abilities that occur as a result of aging, including slower processing speed and decreased working memory.
neurotransmitters
During late adulthood, senescence reduces the production of…
is maintained or even improved
During late adulthood, vocabulary…
tends to decrease
During late adulthood, the ability to recall strings of numbers backward…
Increase in Wisdom
The potential for increased wisdom and life satisfaction in late adulthood
Intermittent Fasting
a pattern of eating that includes periods of restricted eating interspersed with usual consumption
Driving difficulties for the elderly
slow sign reading, head turning, reaction time, and impaired night vision
driving slower and reducing nighttime driving
The elderly compensate for their driving difficulties by…
life experiences
Once in late adulthood, _________________ are the more diverse than any other time in life.
Self Theories
Theories of late adulthood that emphasize the core self and the search to maintain one's integrity and identity.
Continuity Theory
The theory that individuals continue to be themselves as their bodies age, emphasizing the importance of a sense of self and personal control for happiness and survival.
Personality
Fluctuates the most before the age of 25 and stabilizes over middle and late adulthood, but can be affected by frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder, which damages the prefrontal cortex and destroys its traits.
Integrity Verses Despair
The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental sequence, in which older adults seek to integrate their unique experiences with their version of community, with self-glorifying memories and self-acceptance counteracting despair.
Stratification Theories
Theories that emphasize the social forces, such as gender, ethnicity, income, and age, that limit individual choices and affect a person's ability to function in late adulthood.
society places people on a particular life path.
Stratification theories describe the ways in which…
Disengagement Theory
The view that aging makes a person's social sphere increasingly narrow, resulting in role relinquishment, withdrawal, and passivity.
Activity Theory
The view that older people want and need to remain active in a variety of social spheres, becoming withdrawn only unwillingly as a result of ageism.
Relationships in Late Adulthood
The importance of friends and relatives, the shrinking of social circles with age, and the significance of long-term bonds, partnerships, and intergenerational relationships.
daughters
In parent-child relationships, _________ tend to feel a stronger connection with parents
happier and wealthier
Compared to single adults, the elderly with spouses tend to be…
strong sense of shared experiences
The crucial factor in long-term relationships is a…
companionship
Life satisfaction for the elderly correlates with…
part-time or self-employed
Compared to those who work full-time or quit completely, older adults who work __________________ tend to be happier.
in their own home and independently
Generally, the elderly prefer to live…
Frail
The condition of being physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled, often associated with weight loss in men and extreme fatigue in women.
Activities of Daily Life (ADLs)
The five tasks of self-care that are important for independent living: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, and transferring from a bed to a chair.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADLs)
Acts that are important for independent living and require intellectual competence and forethought, such as paying bills and car maintenance.
Death Differences
The concept that death has changed in the past century, with shifts in the timing, duration, and location of death, as well as changes in causes of death.
72 years
Newborns today are expected to live about…
giving meaning to life and death
Religion benefits psychological health via…
decreases; rises; shift
During late adulthood, anxiety ______, hope ________, and priorities _______.
accepting their own mortality
Many developmentalists say that one sign of mental health in older adults is…
legacy work
Some elderly cope with death through _________, hoping to leave something meaningful for later generations.
Good Death
a death that includes characteristics such as occurring at the end of a long life, being peaceful, quick, at home, with family and friends, and without pain, confusion, or discomfort.
Bad Death
a death that lacks characteristics such as occurring at the end of a long life, being peaceful, quick, at home, with family and friends, and without pain, confusion, or discomfort.
lengthening the lifespan, effectively treating illness, and because death at a young age is generally quick.
Modern medicine has made good deaths more likely by…
Stages of Dying
The five stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. These stages are commonly experienced by dying individuals.
Hospice
An institution or program in which terminally ill patients receive palliative care to reduce suffering and provide support to the dying individual and their loved ones. The principles of patient autonomy and counseling for family and friends are emphasized.
is expected within 6 months
Patients can only be admitted in hospice care if death…
Palliative Care
Medical treatment aimed at providing physical and emotional comfort to dying patients and guidance to their loved ones. It focuses on improving the quality of life during the end-of-life stage.
Passive Euthanasia
when a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, without active attempts to prolong life.
Advance Directives
any description of what a person wants to happen as they die and after death. This can include medical measures, visitors, funeral arrangements, cremation, and so on.
Living Will
a document that indicates what medical intervention an individual prefers if they are not conscious when a decision is to be expressed.
Complicated Grief
a type of grief that impedes a person’s future life, usually because the person clings to sorrow or is buffeted by contradictory emotions.
major depression
According to the DSM-5, ____________ can begin soon after someone dies.
Mourning
the ceremonies and behaviors that a religion or culture prescribes for people to employ in expressing their bereavement after a death.
Bereavement
the sense of loss following death.
expressing grief publically
An important function of the mourning process is…
Note 
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