(PSYC 2314) Exam 4 - Chapters 13-Epilogue

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Generativity Verses Stagnation

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The seventh stage of Erikson's stages of adulthood, where adults seek to be productive in a caring way, often as parents. Productivity can also be expressed through art, caregiving, and employment.

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Maslow's hierarchy of needs

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A pyramid-shaped model that represents the different levels of human needs, including physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

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as taught by Professor Mia Holder

76 Terms

1

Generativity Verses Stagnation

The seventh stage of Erikson's stages of adulthood, where adults seek to be productive in a caring way, often as parents. Productivity can also be expressed through art, caregiving, and employment.

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2

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A pyramid-shaped model that represents the different levels of human needs, including physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.

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3

Big Five

The five basic clusters of personality traits that remain relatively stable throughout adulthood, including openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

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4

Empty Nest

The period in the lives of parents when their children have left the family home, which can be a happy time for everyone involved.

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5

Social Convoy

The collective group of family members, friends, acquaintances, and even strangers who move through life with a person, providing support and companionship.

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6

Work/Family Balance

The challenge of balancing work and family life, personal needs, and social involvement, which can have mixed consequences for individuals in the changing labor market.

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7

emerging adulthood

Erikson’s 6th stage of development, intimacy verses isolation, begins in…

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8

stagnation

Erikson believed that failure in generativity results in…

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9

Humanism

a theory that stresses the potential of all humans, who have the same basic needs regardless of culture, gender, or background

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10

physiological

The first of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…

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11

safety

The second of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…

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12

love and belonging

The third of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…

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13

esteem

The fourth of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…

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14

self-actualization

The fifth of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is…

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15

trait theory

The Big Five theory is considered a…

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16

commitment

a crucial aspect of love in long-term relationships, generally correlating with health and happiness throughout adulthood

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17

an abusive, destructive relationship

Research suggests that, approximately 1/3 of the time, divorce ends…

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18

employment

one contributor to adult psychosocial health.

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19

Demographic Shift

a shift in the proportions of the populations of various ages

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20

9%

The percentage of those 65 or older, worldwide, is

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21

Ageism

a prejudice whereby people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age

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22

Elderspeak

A condescending way of speaking to older adults that resembles baby talk.

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23

Wear-and-Tear

A view of aging as a process by which the human body wears out due to the passage of time and exposure to environmental stressors.

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24

Neurocognitive Disorders (NCDs)

Brain diseases that affect a person's ability to remember, analyze, plan, or interact with others.

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memory

Individuals diagnosed with NCDs have a hard time with…

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26

Dementia

A pathological loss of brain functioning, often characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline; is considered a major neurocognitive disorder.

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27

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

A term used to replace "mild cognitive impairment," referring to a slight decline in cognitive abilities.

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28

Polypharmacy

The situation in which older people are prescribed multiple medications, which can result in dementia symptoms.

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29

Cognition in Late Adulthood

Changes in cognitive abilities that occur as a result of aging, including slower processing speed and decreased working memory.

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30

neurotransmitters

During late adulthood, senescence reduces the production of…

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31

is maintained or even improved

During late adulthood, vocabulary…

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32

tends to decrease

During late adulthood, the ability to recall strings of numbers backward…

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33

Increase in Wisdom

The potential for increased wisdom and life satisfaction in late adulthood

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34

Intermittent Fasting

a pattern of eating that includes periods of restricted eating interspersed with usual consumption

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35

Driving difficulties for the elderly

slow sign reading, head turning, reaction time, and impaired night vision

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36

driving slower and reducing nighttime driving

The elderly compensate for their driving difficulties by…

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37

life experiences

Once in late adulthood, _________________ are the more diverse than any other time in life.

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38

Self Theories

Theories of late adulthood that emphasize the core self and the search to maintain one's integrity and identity.

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39

Continuity Theory

The theory that individuals continue to be themselves as their bodies age, emphasizing the importance of a sense of self and personal control for happiness and survival.

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40

Personality

Fluctuates the most before the age of 25 and stabilizes over middle and late adulthood, but can be affected by frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder, which damages the prefrontal cortex and destroys its traits.

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41

Integrity Verses Despair

The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental sequence, in which older adults seek to integrate their unique experiences with their version of community, with self-glorifying memories and self-acceptance counteracting despair.

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42

Stratification Theories

Theories that emphasize the social forces, such as gender, ethnicity, income, and age, that limit individual choices and affect a person's ability to function in late adulthood.

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society places people on a particular life path.

Stratification theories describe the ways in which…

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44

Disengagement Theory

The view that aging makes a person's social sphere increasingly narrow, resulting in role relinquishment, withdrawal, and passivity.

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45

Activity Theory

The view that older people want and need to remain active in a variety of social spheres, becoming withdrawn only unwillingly as a result of ageism.

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46

Relationships in Late Adulthood

The importance of friends and relatives, the shrinking of social circles with age, and the significance of long-term bonds, partnerships, and intergenerational relationships.

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daughters

In parent-child relationships, _________ tend to feel a stronger connection with parents

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happier and wealthier

Compared to single adults, the elderly with spouses tend to be…

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strong sense of shared experiences

The crucial factor in long-term relationships is a…

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50

companionship

Life satisfaction for the elderly correlates with…

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part-time or self-employed

Compared to those who work full-time or quit completely, older adults who work __________________ tend to be happier.

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52

in their own home and independently

Generally, the elderly prefer to live…

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53

Frail

The condition of being physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled, often associated with weight loss in men and extreme fatigue in women.

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54

Activities of Daily Life (ADLs)

The five tasks of self-care that are important for independent living: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, and transferring from a bed to a chair.

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Instrumental Activities of Daily Life (IADLs)

Acts that are important for independent living and require intellectual competence and forethought, such as paying bills and car maintenance.

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56

Death Differences

The concept that death has changed in the past century, with shifts in the timing, duration, and location of death, as well as changes in causes of death.

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57

72 years

Newborns today are expected to live about…

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58

giving meaning to life and death

Religion benefits psychological health via…

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59

decreases; rises; shift

During late adulthood, anxiety ______, hope ________, and priorities _______.

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60

accepting their own mortality

Many developmentalists say that one sign of mental health in older adults is…

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61

legacy work

Some elderly cope with death through _________, hoping to leave something meaningful for later generations.

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62

Good Death

a death that includes characteristics such as occurring at the end of a long life, being peaceful, quick, at home, with family and friends, and without pain, confusion, or discomfort.

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Bad Death

a death that lacks characteristics such as occurring at the end of a long life, being peaceful, quick, at home, with family and friends, and without pain, confusion, or discomfort.

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lengthening the lifespan, effectively treating illness, and because death at a young age is generally quick.

Modern medicine has made good deaths more likely by…

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65

Stages of Dying

The five stages of grief proposed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, including denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. These stages are commonly experienced by dying individuals.

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66

Hospice

An institution or program in which terminally ill patients receive palliative care to reduce suffering and provide support to the dying individual and their loved ones. The principles of patient autonomy and counseling for family and friends are emphasized.

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is expected within 6 months

Patients can only be admitted in hospice care if death…

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68

Palliative Care

Medical treatment aimed at providing physical and emotional comfort to dying patients and guidance to their loved ones. It focuses on improving the quality of life during the end-of-life stage.

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69

Passive Euthanasia

when a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, without active attempts to prolong life.

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70

Advance Directives

any description of what a person wants to happen as they die and after death. This can include medical measures, visitors, funeral arrangements, cremation, and so on.

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71

Living Will

a document that indicates what medical intervention an individual prefers if they are not conscious when a decision is to be expressed.

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72

Complicated Grief

a type of grief that impedes a person’s future life, usually because the person clings to sorrow or is buffeted by contradictory emotions.

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73

major depression

According to the DSM-5, ____________ can begin soon after someone dies.

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74

Mourning

the ceremonies and behaviors that a religion or culture prescribes for people to employ in expressing their bereavement after a death.

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75

Bereavement

the sense of loss following death.

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76

expressing grief publically

An important function of the mourning process is…

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