Lesson 9 - Explaining the Shape of Molecules with Covalent Bonds

When are covalent bonds formed?

When a pair of electrons is shared between 2 nuclei

What is a Sigma Bond?

e- shared on the same plane as the nuclei

What are hybrid orbitals

Simple s, p and d orbitals mix to form new atomic orbitals

Steps to get hybrid orbitals

Draw valence electrons only

Electron promotion

Hybridization (form together)

Creates new name

When do double bonds form?

When two sets of orbitals overlap

One set of orbitals hybridize and overlap forming a Sigma Bond

And other set of orbitals remain unhybridized and overlap forming pi