2: Viruses

Flashcards about Microbial & Plant Diversity - Viruses

According to Lynne Margulis' Endosymbiont Theory, how did Eukaryotes originate?

Endosymbiosis of bacterial cell within an Archaeal cell?

What is Phylogenomics?

Comparison of whole genomes.

Where was Lokiarchaeota discovered?

Arctic Ocean (Nth Atlantic) in 2015

According to Williams et al. (2019), what is FECA?

Asgard Archaea

How long ago was the Big Bang?

14BYA

When did the Origin of Life begin?

3.8 BYA (4.2BYA?)

What are the 3 types of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) in Bacteria?

Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction

What does Agrobacterium tumefaciens cause?

Crown galls in plants (transfers Ti plasmid into host nucleus)

What are Transposons?

Mobile genetic elements (replicate after excision from genome)

How are Retrotransposons copied?

Copied via RNA to DNA using reverse transcriptase

Why are viruses not considered alive?

No independent metabolism

What virus family does Measles belong to?

Paramyxoviridae

What is the R0 of Measles?

12-18!

Give an example of a Class I virus.

Smallpox, vaccinia, Herpes simplex

Give an example of a Class II virus

Parvovirus

Give an example of a Class III virus

Human rotaviruses, Colorado tick fever

Give an example of a Class IV virus

Yellow fever, Hepatitis A/C, Rubella, SARS-CoV2

Give an example of a Class V virus

Measles, mumps, rabies, Ebola, Influenza

Give an example of a Class VI virus

HIV, HTLV (retrovirus)

Give an example of a Class VII virus

Hepatitis B

What are NON STRUCTURAL PROTEINS?

Proteins needed for replication (not incorporated in the VIRION)

What is a VIRION?

The complete infective virus particle

What type of bacteriophages can enter a dormant state in the cell?

Lysogenic (or temperate) phages

What role do viruses play in aquatic systems?

Viruses control bacterial numbers in aquatic systems

What is the purpose of the Acr gene?

Phage defence

Give two examples of Prion diseases.

Scrapie: sheep and BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy): cows

What does CDC stand for?

Centre for Disease Control and Prevention