literary devices

Allusion

A reference to something well-known (like a famous person, story, or event).
Example: “He was a real Romeo with the ladies.”

Simile

A comparison between two things using like or as.
Example: “Her smile was as bright as the sun.”

Metaphor

A direct comparison between two things without using like or as.
Example: “Time is a thief.”

Motif

A repeated image, idea, or symbol that helps develop a theme.
Example: Repeated darkness and light in Romeo and Juliet show love and danger.

Personification

Giving human traits to nonhuman things.
Example: “The wind whispered through the trees.”

Symbolism

When an object, color, or action represents something deeper.
Example: A dove symbolizes peace.

Oxymoron

Two opposite words used together for effect.
Example: “Jumbo shrimp” or “bittersweet.”

Direct Characterization

The author tells what a character is like directly.
Example: “John was brave and loyal.”

Imagery

Descriptive language that appeals to the five senses.
Example: “The scent of freshly baked bread filled the warm kitchen.”

Irony

When something happens that’s opposite of what’s expected or said.
Example: A fire station burns down.

Foreshadowing

Hints or clues about what will happen later in the story.
Example: Storm clouds appearing early may foreshadow conflict.