Mendelian Genetics Flashcards Lecture 21

Flashcards reviewing Mendelian genetics concepts from lecture 21, including dihybrid crosses and independent assortment.

Dihybrid Cross

A cross involving two genes.

R gene

The gene for seed texture in Mendel's experiments.

Y gene

The gene for seed color in Mendel's experiments.

Big R

The allele that causes a round pea.

Little r

The allele that causes a wrinkled pea.

Big Y

The allele that codes for yellow pea color.

Little y

The allele that codes for green pea color.

Dominance in Pea Seeds

Condition where round is dominant to wrinkled and yellow is dominant to green.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a trait.

Dependent Assortment

The hypothesis where the big Y and the big R would be connected together and inherited together.

Gamete Allele Composition

Each gamete needs one allele from the Y gene and one allele from the R gene.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring.

Genotype

The set of alleles an organism has.

Phenotype

The physical characteristics of an organism.

Product Rule

Probability of independent events is determined by multiplying the probabilities of each event.

Sum Rule

Rule stating the the probability of mutually exclusive events is determined by adding the probabilities of each event.

9:3:3:1 Ratio

Characteristic phenotype ratio from a dihybrid cross.

Mendel's Second Law of Independent Assortment

The segregation of alleles of one gene is independent of the segregation of the alleles of another gene.