7.1 Shifting Power

Qing Dynasty Collapse

The decline of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 highlighted struggles to modernize, faced internal revolts, and external pressures, marking a broader decline of land-based empires.

Taiping Rebellion

A massive internal revolt in China (1850-1864) that weakened the Qing Dynasty due to its corrupt bureaucracy and socio-economic mismanagement.

Opium Wars

Conflicts (1839-1842; 1856-1860) between China and Western powers, leading to significant territorial and sovereignty losses for China.

Ottoman Empire Collapse

The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire fueled by nationalist movements and the impacts of the Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 treaty that ended WWI, dismantling the Ottoman Empire and redistributing its territories under the Mandate System.

Russian Revolution

The 1905 and 1917 events that led to the transformation of Russia, reflecting global trends towards communism and anti-monarchism.

Bolshevik Revolution

The 1917 revolution in Russia that resulted in the establishment of a Communist government led by Lenin.

Mexican Revolution

A 1910-1920 conflict focused on land reform and social changes that ultimately transformed Mexican society.

Imperialist Expansion

The competition among European powers for colonies that heightened tensions leading to World War I.

Total War

A concept of war where each nation mobilizes its entire resources, including targeting civilian populations.

Five-Year Plans

Stalin's policies in the Soviet Union aimed at rapid industrialization and agricultural collectivization, often through repressive means.

Anti-Imperial Resistance

Movements in various countries, such as the Indian National Congress, that challenged European colonial rule after WWI.

Fascist Regimes

Authoritarian governments in Europe during the interwar period that espoused aggressive nationalism and militarism.

Blitzkrieg

A method of warfare used by Germany in WWII that emphasized rapid and concentrated assaults.

Holocaust

The systematic extermination of six million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Green Revolution

A period of technological advancement in agriculture leading to increased food production in the 20th century.