Speech Disorders Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions regarding speech disorders, their types, symptoms, and treatment approaches.

What are the main types of speech disorders?

Speech Sound Disorders, Articulation Disorders, Phonological Disorders, and Childhood Apraxia of Speech.

What is an articulation disorder?

Inability to pronounce certain phones, characterized by consistent substitutions or distortions for target sounds.

What distinguishes phonological delay from a consistent phonological disorder?

Phonological delay shows patterns typical in normal development but at an earlier age, whereas a consistent phonological disorder involves non-developmental error patterns.

What is inconsistent phonological disorder?

A disorder where children show variability of production with multiple errors for the same word.

What are the impacts of speech sound disorders on children?

Boys are more likely than girls to have SSDs; younger children with severe SSDs are more likely to have language problems.

What is an impaired phonological disorder?

Impaired comprehension and/or use of sound systems and rules, leading to faulty phonological representations.

What treatment focus is essential for children with articulation disorders?

Teaching accurate production and focusing on speech-motor control.

What are common types of errors in articulation disorders?

Substitution, omissions, labialization, nasalization, devoicing, and initial, medial, and final position errors.

What is a functional articulation disorder?

A speech sound disorder in typically developing children that cannot be explained by neurological damage or structural problems.

What constitutes an organically based disorder in articulation?

Articulation errors caused by oral structural variables, hearing loss, or neuropathologies.

How does hearing loss affect speech sound disorders?

The degree of hearing loss is related to the severity of SSDs, often resulting in omissions of high-frequency voiceless sounds.

What are the characteristics of dysarthria?

A speech-motor disorder caused by CNS or PNS damage, leading to paralysis, weakness, or muscle incoordination.

What defines apraxia of speech?

A motor programming disorder caused by CNS damage that affects programming precise movements without muscle weakness.

What are the signs of childhood apraxia of speech?

Slow, effortful speech, prolongation, repetitions, voicing and devoicing issues, and difficulties with phonological awareness.

What is a structural etiology in speech disorders?

Conditions such as a cleft palate that result in obligatory and compensatory errors in speech production.

What does the traditional terminology of speech errors include?

Typically distortions and omissions of sounds.

What is a common approach for treating apraxia?

Emphasis on motor planning/programming rather than muscle weakness.

What role does amplification play in speech therapy?

It may be used to assist speech production in children with sensory deficits.

What are compulsory errors characterized by?

Correct placement of speech sounds despite having an abnormal structure.

How does developmental apraxia of speech manifest?

Inconsistent production of sounds and prosodic errors along with groping for correct placement.

What is the distinction between obligatory and compensatory errors?

Obligatory errors reflect structural limitations, while compensatory errors involve incorrect placements to account for those limitations.

What should be focused on in therapy for children with speech sound disorders?

Improving phonemic and phonetic awareness.

What are the categories of causes for speech sound disorders?

Structural, sensory, and motor etiologies.

What can neurological damage impact in speech?

It can result in disorders like dysarthria and apraxia, affecting all speech systems.

Which group of children tends to show a higher prevalence of SSDs?

Boys, compared to girls.

What influences treatment approaches for articulation disorders?

The underlying cause, such as whether the disorder is functional or organically based.

How does childhood apraxia of speech affect communication?

It leads to significant challenges in producing speech sounds accurately and fluently.

What types of errors does a child with a phonological disorder commonly display?

Restricted phoneme inventory and non-developmental error patterns.

What can characterize a child with weak oral structural variables?

They may have difficulty producing specific phonemes, resulting in various articulation errors.

How can structural issues lead to speech disorders?

They can create obligatory errors that reflect the influence of structural abnormalities on sound production.