Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

A condition in newborns caused by surfactant deficiency, leading to lung immaturity, poor gas exchange, and ventilatory failure.

Surfactant

A mixture of lipids and proteins that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse during expiration.

Hypoperfusion

Inadequate blood flow to the lungs, which can exacerbate respiratory distress.

Atelectasis

Partial or complete collapse of the lung or lung lobe, often due to insufficient surfactant.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A serious lung condition commonly seen in premature infants, often a result of mechanical ventilation or oxygen therapy.

Silverman-Anderson Index

A scoring system used to assess the degree of respiratory distress in newborns.

Prenatal Steroids

Medications given to pregnant women to accelerate fetal lung maturity and decrease the risk of RDS.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A method of non-invasive respiratory support that keeps the alveoli open by providing constant pressure.

Hyaline Membranes

Membranes formed by fluid and fibrin leakage in the lungs, seen in RDS and leading to impaired gas exchange.

Rescue Treatment for RDS

Surfactant administration indicated for newborns with established RDS who need respiratory support.

Ventilatory Failure

A condition where the lungs cannot provide adequate oxygenation and ventilation, leading to respiratory distress.

Acidemia

An abnormal increase in acidity (lowering of pH) in the blood, often seen in cases of poor gas exchange.

Mechanical Ventilation

A method of providing respiratory support to newborns, but it may increase the risk of complications like BPD.

Intravenous (IV) Feedings

Nutrition provided to the newborn through a vein to ensure adequate caloric intake.

Prone Position

Placing the newborn on their stomach to help with lung expansion and optimize respiratory status.