kidneys

shape in horse

heart shaped kideney (right( left is less so)

shape in cow

lobulated kidney,

what kidney is palpable in cow

left per rectally

free floating & pushed by rumen

dog kidney palpable?

can papate, but higher BSC makes it impossible

cat kindey papl

ye slow BCS

kidney biopsy in cow:

go in perrectally & press kideny up & go from right flank to biopsy left kideny

diagostics of kidney- tools:

USG

radiography

ratio of medulla to coretex

1:1

change in ratio can indicate

inflammation

kidney positionments in cow:

diagnonal line from 11-12th ICS from pin level down towards stifle

-canially to that are kidenys

-perrectally we are only limited to caudal paw of the kideny (USG is better for diagnositcs)

can urters be found on ultrasound

yes

can urteter be palp

-can be palpable in cows when they are inflammed: feel like hard wires perrectally if they are

inflammed, pain on touching inflammed ureters during perrectal examination