Input-Output Organization

Flashcards covering key concepts and terminology related to the Input-Output Organization of computer systems.

Input/Output Subsystem (I/O)

A system that facilitates communication between a computer's central processing unit and peripheral devices.

Peripheral Devices

Devices connected to a computer that facilitate input and output, such as keyboards, mice, and printers.

Input Peripherals

Devices that allow user input to the computer, such as keyboards and mice.

Output Peripherals

Devices that output information from the computer to the outside world, such as printers and monitors.

Input-Output Peripherals

Devices that handle both input and output functions, such as touch screens.

Interface

A shared boundary between separate components of a computer system that allows for communication.

I/O Interface

Provides a method for transferring information between internal storage and external I/O devices.

Synchronous Data Transfer

Data transfer where two components share a common clock for synchronization.

Asynchronous Data Transfer

Data transfer where separate components operate independently, requiring control signals for communication.

Programmed I/O

Data transfer method where the CPU involves direct control with each data transfer operation.

Direct Memory Access (DMA)

A transfer method that allows devices to access memory directly without involvement from the CPU.

Priority Interrupt

A system for determining which interrupt to service first when multiple interrupts occur.

Associative Memory

A type of memory accessed by content rather than by address, allowing for rapid data retrieval.

Cache Memory

A high-speed storage mechanism that temporarily holds frequently accessed data to expedite processing.

Hit Ratio

The ratio of successful accesses to cache memory versus the total number of access attempts.