Military History test #2 10/14

Sarissa (Alexander - Part 1)

A. This was the spear Phillips soldiers would use

B. It was around 20 ft long

C. This was longer than the regular Greek spear

D. This made his phalanx more powerful

Olympias (Alexander - Part 1)

A. She was the mother of Alexander

B. She believed her son would be a great man

C. Her relationship with Phillip began to grow bad

D. She told Alexander that her real father was Zeus

Takeover (Alexander - Part 1)

A. Phillip eventually took over all of the Greece

B. His armies were both able to defeat Sparta and Athens

C. The Greek cities were forced to sign an alliance with Phillip

D. Alexander was leading part of Philip's army when he was a teenager

Assassination (Alexander - Part 1)

A. Phillip divorced Olympias

B. He had a son with another women

C. Soon after this happened, Phillip was stabbed to death 

D. His own body guard killed him

Invasion (Alexander - Part 1)

A. Alexander became king after his fathers death

B. He decided to attack the Persian empire

C. His mother helped to run the country while he's away

D. His troops carry 30 days of food

Achilles (Alexander - Part 1)

 A. Alexander compared himself to Achilles

B. He visited the tomb of Achilles before he attacked the Persians

C. He took the armor from Achilles tomb

D. Alexander had a similar personality to Achilles

Granicus (Alexander Part 2)

A. Was the first battle between Alexander and the Persians

B. The battle was fought along a river

C. Alexander launched a feint to draw out the Persians

D. Alexander led the cavalry after the feint

Cleitus (Alexander Part 2)

A. Alexander was targeted by the Persians

B. He was almost killed in the battle

C. He was saved by Cletius

D. Cletius was the commander of the cavalry

Results (Alexander Part 2)

A. The Persians panicked and fled

B. Alexander captured 2,000 Greek Mersonaries 

C. The mercenaries were turned into slaves

Tyre (Alexander Part 2)

A. This was a city in Lebanon

B. It was located on the sea

C. Alexander will siege the city for months

D. Alexander designed siege engines to take the city

Egypt (Alexander Part 2)

A. Alexander was welcomed in Egypt

B. Egypt hated the Persians

C. Alexander visited an oracle in the desert

D. The oracle told him he was the son of a god

Alexandria (Alexander Part 2)

A. Alexander built a large city in Egypt

B. It became a major port

C. It had the largest library in the world

D. The city's lighthouse is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.

Background (Guagamela)

A. The Persian king tried to make a deal with Alexander

B. He offered to give Alexander the western half of the empire

C. Alexander refused his offer

Movement (Guagamela)

A. Alexander moved from Egypt to Iraq

B. Alexander stayed near the coast

C. He did this to get supplies from his fleet

D. He avoided the dessert

Guagamela (Guagamela)

A. This was a town in northern Iraq

B. The Persians tried to block Alexander near this town

C. The Persians put cavalry on their flanks 

D. The Persians put the immortals in the center

Battle (Guagamela)

A. Alexander moved his cavalry to the right

B. Alexander sent his center phalanx to attack

C. This brought the immortals out to face them

D. Alexander took his cavalry and made a wedged formation

Outcome (Guagamela)

A. Alexander hit the area around the king

B. This caused the Persians to panic

C. The Persian king fled the battle field

D. Alexander won the battle

Cleitus Murdered (Alexander In India)

 A. Alexander wanted people to treat him like a God.

B. Many Greeks didn’t like his arrogance 

C. Cletius criticized Alexander during a feast

D. Alexander killed Cleitus in a drunken rage

Punjab (Alexander In India)

A. This is the northern part of India

B. This was the farthest east Alexander reached

C. Alexander wanted to continue on but his troops wanted to go home

Elephants (Alexander In India)

 A. Indians were the first people to use elephants in battle

B. The driver was called a mahout

C. The mahout also carried a hammer to kill the elephant

D. Horses were usually terrified of elephants 

Porus (Alexander In India)

  A. He was an Indian king who fought Alexander

B. He fought him along a river in India

C. The Greeks threw javelins at the enemy mahout

D. This caused the elephants to panic and trample their own men

Aftermath (Alexander In India)

A. Alexander admired the courage of Porus

B. He captured him as the battle ended

C. He allowed him to keep his land

D. Alexander founded a town that was named after his horse that died in the battle

Death (Alexander In India)

A. Alexander’s health started to decline after returning from India

B. Alexander most likely died from malaria 

C. He was only 32 when he died

D. His body was brought back to Alexandria 

Founding (Origins of Rome)

A. City is located in central Italy

B. The city was founded by the latins

C. City named after Romulus

D. according to legend, he killed his brother Remus

Geography (Origins of Rome)

A. Italy was protected by the north from the Alps

B. Italy is shaped like a boot

C. City is on the Tiber river

Patricians (Origins of Rome)

A. The elite Romans

B. These families made the most important decisions

Plebeians (Origins of Rome)

A. These were common Romans 

B. They could veto laws passed by the senate

Religion (Origins of Rome)

A. Their religion was similar to the Greeks

B. Zeus was called Juipter

C. Aries was called mars

D. The Romans believed in omens 

Gladiators (Origins of Rome)

A. This was the most popular sport in Rome

B. They were originally held to honor the dead

C. eventually people began to bet on the games 

D. The Latin word for sword in gladius

Legion (Roman Army)

A. Most important Roman military unit

B. Legion had around 5,000 soldiers

C. Each Legion has its own number and flag

Gladius (Roman Army)

A. This was a Roman short sword 

B. It was the main weapon of a Roman solider

Pilum (Roman Army)

A. This was a Roman spear

B. The soldiers would throw it before charging

C. Once it hit something it was hard to remove

Shield (Roman Army)

A. The Romans carried a large shield

B. It was in the shape of a rectangle 

C. When they linked it was called testudo (tortus)

Cohort (Roman Army)

A. Legions were broken up into cohorts 

B. Each cohort has 500 men

C. This made a legion flexible 

Buccina (Roman Army)

A. This is a horn

B. It was used to communicate orders during a battle

Scorpion (Roman Army)

A. This was a giant crossbow

B. It could pierce armor