Law chapter 9

Which partnership was considered the first step in the re-creation of the European family according to Churchill's 1946 speech?

France and Germany

What did the Schuman Declaration of May 1950 propose to place under a common High Authority?

Franco-German production of coal and steel

How many countries were part of the original European Economic Community in 1958?

6

Which country left the European Union in 2020?

United Kingdom

What are the 'Copenhagen criteria' for joining the EU?

stable institutions guaranteeing democracy, functioning market economy, ability to implement EU law

Which institution of the EU is described as the 'Guardian of the Treaties'?

European Commission

How are European Parliament representatives selected?

Direct elections by EU citizens

How often does the presidency of the Council of the European Union rotate?

Every six months

What is the highest court on EU Law?

Court of Justice of the European Union

What is the primary responsibility of the European Central Bank?

Monetary policy for eurozone countries

In the EU's separation of powers, which institutions constitute the legislative power?

European Parliament + Council

What does the principle of pre-emption mean in EU shared competences?

Member States can exercise their competence only to the extent that the EU has not

What are the three main types of EU competences?

Exclusive, shared, and supporting competences

What is meant by 'spillover' in EU integration?

To realize a competence of the EU requires realization of other things

What constitutes EU primary law?

EU Treaties (TEU, TFEU) & Charter of Fundamental Rights

What is the difference between EU Regulations and Directives?

Regulations are binding as is while Directives are binding to the result and require transposition

What principle did the Van Gend & Loos case establish?

Direct effect of EU law

What principle did Costa v ENEL establish?

Primacy (supremacy) of EU law over national law

What distinguishes 'supranational' EU law from traditional public international law?

Independent institutions, autonomous decision-making, majority decisions, enforced implementation

What are the four freedoms of EU law?

Free movement of goods, persons, services, and capital

What was established in the Cassis de Dijon case?

Prohibition of measures having equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions on imports

What values is the EU founded on according to Article 2 TEU?

Respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law, and human rights

What are the mandatory requirements that can justify obstacles to free movement of goods?

Fiscal supervision, public health, fairness of commercial transactions, and consumer protection

What is the core idea of free movement of persons?

EU citizens should be able to freely move to other EU countries to offer their services/work force

What is the core idea of free movement of capital?

The ability to move money freely within the EU

What types of EU legislation exist?

Regulations, Directives, and Decisions

How are EU laws adopted under the ordinary legislative procedure?

Commission proposes, Parliament and Council co-decide

What is the democratic deficit of the EU referring to?

Questions about democratic oversight and representation of European peoples

What happens when EU law conflicts with national law?

EU law prevails (principle of primacy)

Which countries are currently candidate countries for EU membership?

Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Türkiye, Ukraine