L18: Shigella and Salmonella

negative

are these gram positive or negative?

1. S. dysenteriae

2. S. flexneri

3. S. boydii

4. S. sonnei

what are the four species of Shigella?

IS, hemorrhagic dysentery

shigella (is/is not) host restricted to humans and higher primates, causing ___ ___ in humans

shiga toxin encoding phage

shigella is invasive like E. coli and S. dysenteriae is a source of ___ ___ ___ ___ found in enterohemorrhagic E. coli

Bacillus cholera-suis, Salmonella cholerasuis

Dr. Salmon discovered ___ ____ form a pig suffering from hog choera 1885, later renamed ___ ___

Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori

what are the two true species of Salmonella?

Salmonella enteric sbsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, 2600

Salmonella enterica has 6 ubspecies, the most important being... comprising over ____ serovars

O, H, and Vi antgens

what antigens are included in the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme for Salmonella

False; only 1/3 of the outbreaks are due to food

T/F: salmonella outbreaks are only due to food-boune outbreaks

virulence from acquired plasmid

the top serotypes of salmonella food borne infections may changes due to added ..

go listen ot what he said at like 1:12 about slide 9

protects from antibiotic and bile salts

the O-antigen lipopolysacchardide has what function?

1. motility

2. phase inversion expression for phase 2 repression and phase 1 expression

function of the H- antigen

1. type 3 secretion system

2. lipopolysaccharide

3. fimbrae

4. flagelline

5. bacterial DNA

both S. typhimurium and S. typi express..

S. typhi

S. paratyphi C

S. Dublin

the Vi antigen is exclusive expressed in which S. species?

by repressing flagellin and LPS expression

how are the Vi expressing species able to circumvent the innate immune system?

inflammation

what is the driver of non-typhoidal Salmonella?

Typhoidal Salmonella

___ ___ down regulated immune response to avoid immune system

invade the host's intestinal epithelial cells and persist within Salmonella-containing vacuoles

invasion and intracellular survival enable Salmonella to efficiently ....

Salmonella biofilm formation on gallstones or lineing of gallbladder

what causes persistant shedders of Salmonella?

liver and shed into intestinal tract via flow of bile from liver

Since horses do not have gall structures, how are they shedders of salmonella?

self-limiting

the broad host range of salmonella diseases is ____ causing acute gastroenteritis and watery diarrhea

diarrhea

nausea

vomiting

intestinal cramps

fever

when contracting salmonella, the hosts inflammatory response is responsible for clinical signs including...

reduced milk or egg production

reduced weight gains

persistant carriers

what are some subclinical symptoms of salmonella disease?

1. S. typhimurium

2. S. enteritidis

3. S. newport

4. S. infantis

5. S. kentucky

what subspecies are considered to have a broad host range for salmonella

localized signs in unusual locations like the chest wall or thyroid abscess

most times in non-preferred hosts, they are subclinical. What are some clinical signs when it does cause infection?

S. Bublin in cattle and S. Cholerasuis in pigs

what subspecies are considered to have a host adapted for salmonella

typhoid or typhoid like disease

for host specific salmonella, there is a very narrow host range with usually only one host and causes ____ ____ ___

S. typhi

S. gallinarum

S. Abortusovis

S. typhisuis

S. abortusequi

what subspecies are considered to have a host specific salmonellaosis?

15% reported HAI

What is the rate of hospital aquired infection of Salmonella, considering it is the fourth highest HAI?

asymptomatic shedders

___ __ of salmonella pose risk for nosocomial infections and zoonotic infection

5.73% in dogs, 30% of those shed after consuming bones/raw diet

prevalence of salmonella in dogs

20-48.7% of farms have at least 1 positive cow

prevalance of Salmonella at dairy farms

ither horizontal transfer to the egg/shell membrane or vertical transfer through the oviduct sections

for transmission of S. enteritidis in poultry, explain the process.

extensive bacterial growth in the yolk

an egg hoizontally infected with salmonella will experience what

1. feces

2. animal to animal

3. animal contact

4. ingestion of contaminated feed

horizontal transmission of S. dublin in cattle

intrauterine transmission mostly causing abortions or via milk

vertical transmission of S. dublin in cattle

1. decreased weight gain

2. decreased milk production

3. sterility

clinical signs of salmonella for asymptomatic/subclinic cases

1. fever

2. poor appetite

3. diarrhea bloody or mucoid

4. vomiting/abdominal pain

5. sepsis

6. colic

7. abortion

clinical signs of salmonella for animals with gastroenteritidis

1. bacterimia

2. sepsis

3. abortion

4. localized infections in bone/joint

5. infection of mammary tissue/ovaries

clinical signs of salmonella for animals with estra-intestinal infection

marked jaundice and hepatomegaly

gross necropsy findings of salmonella dublin

1. cyanosis

2. sever gastritis

3. severe colotis

pigs infected with Salmonella Choleraesuis

travel, age, food consumptions, exposure, new animals introduced to herd

diagnosis of salmonella is important with a medical history. include...

1. direct streak onto agar

2. enrichment broths

3. biochemical confirmation

4. serological confirmation

tests to request with suspect salmonella

supportive care is useful but antimicrobial use is controversial because of resistance and some strains are not susceptible to antimicrobials for use with septicemia (in calves)

treatment of salmonella

enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin

US isolates of S. Dublin are susceptible to ____ however use of ___ to treat S. dublin infections is extralabel which is prohibited for fluoroquinolones in food animals

isolate new animals, transport stress increases susceptibility to salmonella

preventing salmonella introduction to a herd

1. ID infected animals and recheck previous patients

2. restrict movement between herds

3. CLEAN maternity areas and disinfect buidlings

4. don't feed animal scraps to companion animals

5. education of the hazards of working with infected animals

how to limit transmission and increase biosecurity with salmonella disease?

attenuated Salmonella vaccine in pigs, cattle, and chickens

vaccine for salmonella