A&P Lab: Lymphatic System and Immunity

lymphatic system

comprised of lymph, lymph vessels, lymphatic tissues, and organs that produce immune cells

fluid recovery, immunity, and lipid absorption

list the 3 functions of the lymphatic system

lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, and spleen

list the organs of the lymph system

lymph nodes

carry the important functions of filtering lymph and activating lymphocytes T and B cells

lymphadenitis

when the lymph nodes swell as the body fights off infection

immune system

not considered as an organ system; refers to the population of cells that defend our body against disease by identifying and destroying pathogens

nonspecific defenses

occurs when pathogens that break through the external barrier are then presented with additional ____ ____ including leukocytes, antimicrobial proteins, and inflammation or fever

specific defense

cells of the immune system recognize foreign substances, destroy them and remember the pathogens for quick response to future exposures

specificity and memory

two important characteristics ______ and ______, distinguish specific defense from nonspecific defense

leukocytes

white blood cells; cells of the immune system that defend against pathogens

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

what are the five classes of leukocytes?

humoral immunity

involves B lymphocytes (B cells) that develop into plasma cells

B cells

develop into plasma cells; these cells secrete antibodies that bind to invading pathogens and identify them for destruction

cell-mediated immunity

utilizes T lymphocytes (T cells) to directly attack pathogen

lymph

colorless, interstitial fluid in lymphatic vessels

innate immunity

protects against a wide variety of pathogens; response is immediate, non-specific, and has no memory

adaptive immunity

activated by a specific antigen; response is delayed, specific, and has memory

first line of defense and second line of defense

innate immunity has _______ and ________

first line of defense

part of innate immunity; this defense involves the skin and mucosal layer

second line of defense

part of innate immunity; this defense involves cellular and molecular components (innate immunity cells, chemicals, physiological response)

innate immunity cells

part of the second line of defense in innate immunity; involves neutrophils and basophils

chemicals

part of the second line of defense in innate immunity; involves interferons and complements (plasma proteins)

physiological response

part of the second line of defense in innate immunity; causes inflammation and feve

B lymphocytes (antibody-mediated) and T lymphocytes (cell-mediated)

adaptive immunity has _______ and _______

B lymphocytes (antibody mediated)

part of adaptive immunity; responsible for the production of antibodies, also differentiate into plasma cells

T lymphocytes (cell-mediated

part of adaptive immunity; responsible for the coordination and activation of immune response that kill infected cells (includes cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes)

helper T lymphocytes

release cytokines that regulate the immune system (ex. interleukins)

enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)

a technique used to ID and quantify molecules in a sample (antigens, antibodies, proteins)

primary and secondary

what are the two antibodies used in ELISA?

primary antibody

one of the antibodies used in ELISA; binds to the antigen

secondary antibody

one of the antibodies used in ELISA; detects antibody-antigen complex