Lect 17 Lecture on Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Adrenal Glands

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands for exam preparation.

Hypothalamus

A group of nuclei that regulates various bodily functions and works with the pituitary gland.

Pituitary Gland

An endocrine gland located at the base of the brain that connects with the hypothalamus and secretes various hormones.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls water balance and is stored in the posterior pituitary.

Oxytocin

A hormone produced in the hypothalamus that supports reproduction and milk release.

Negative feedback mechanism

A regulatory system in which the output of a process inhibits or reduces the process itself.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition resulting from a lack of ADH, leading to excessive thirst and dehydration.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce corticosteroids.

Prolactin (PRL)

A hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production.

Growth Hormone (GH)

A hormone released from the anterior pituitary that regulates growth and metabolism.

Mineralocorticoids

A class of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex, primarily aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium balance.

Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex, with cortisol being the primary one, involved in the stress response and metabolism.

Androgenic Steroids

Steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex that contribute to the development of male characteristics.

Cushing's Disease

Disease caused by excessive levels of cortisol, often due to a tumor, leading to various physiological disruptions.

Addison’s Disease

A disorder characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone, resulting in metabolic issues.

Cortisol

The most potent glucocorticoid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex that mediates stress responses.

Hypophyseal portal system

A system of blood vessels that directly links the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland, facilitating hormone transport.