14.1 Adrenal glands

Where are the glands located

Just above the kidneys

Size of adrenal glands

3cm in height and 5cm in length

What are the two parts of the adrenal glands

Adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla

Three types of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal Cortex

Mineralocorticoids, Androgens, Glucocorticoids

What are mineralocortoids produced by and what is their function?

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, and they help control blood pressure by balancing salt concentrations in the blood using its component Aldosterone.

What are glucocorticoids produced by and what is their function

A hormone produced by adrenal cortex, and its release is controlled by the Hypothalamus.

Contains cortisol: involved in regulating blood pressure and metabolism

Contains corticosterone: regulates immune response and suppresses inflammatory reactions

What steroid hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, blood pressure, and immune response whilst suppressing inflammatory reactions?

Glucocorticoids

What steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex maintains the balance between salt and water concentrations in the body? And what hormone group is it?

Aldosterone, a Mineralocortoid produced by the adrenal cortex

Which glucocorticoid hormone helps with regulating blood pressure and metabolism

Cortisol

Which glucocorticoid hormone regulates immune response and reduce inflammatory reactions?

Corticosterone

How are mineralocortoids mediated

Signals triggered by the kidney

Androgens are created by the adrenal cortex, what is their function?

They are converted to male and female hormones

When are hormones in the Adrenal medulla released?

When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated - due to body stress

2 kinds of peptide hormones produced by the adrenal medulla

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Where are adrénaline and noradrenaline produced?

In the adrenal medulla

What is the effect of adrenaline on liver cells?

Rapidly increases blood glucose concentration by facilitating the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Another term for liver cells

Hepatocytes

hepatocytes

Liver cells

What does adrenaline do, and where is it produced?

Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, gets body ready for fight or flight, and is produced in the adrenal medulla

What is the function of noradrenaline

Works with adrenaline to produce fight or flight reactions, and is produced in the adrenal medulla

What group of hormones does the adrenal cortex produce

Steroids

What group of hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?

Peptide hormones