Study Guide 3: The West

Kit Carson-

Frontiersmen that caught and captured natives: had many exaggerations of his life

William Gilpin-

Western booster that promoted rails follow the plow theory

John Wesley Powell-

Told congress to send scientists to help irrigate the west

Homestead Act (1862)-

Gave 160 acres to anyone willing to farm said land

Transcontinental Railroad (1869)-

Railroad that goes across the US, constructed by Irish and Chinese laborers

Who worked on the railroad?-

Chinese and Irish laborerrs

Mining-

Industry sucumbed to eastern economic labor consentration

Alfred Nobel-

Developed dynamite to benefit miners

Klondike Gold Rush-

population of Dawson city exceeded 30k due to pioneers hoping to find gold

Alaska (1867)-

Sold to the US by Russia and led to the US making Indian Citizen Act, rumored to have a lot of gold

William Seward (his role in Alaska)-

Negotiated Alaskan purchase

Olive Oatman-

Women captured by Yavapai tribe in Arizona and sold to Mohave, lied about being enslaved

Pearl Hart-

AKA “Bandit Queen”, voice of equal sex rights after being arrested for robbing stage coach with Joe Boot

Buffalo Bill Cody-

Youngest native fighter in Great Plains

Federal Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)-

Prohibited Chinese immigration for 10 years

Yick Wo v. Hopkins-

Laws that are race-neutral administered contrarily are unconstitutional

Manifest Destiny-

Carried American across continent into Texas, California, Alaska, and Great Plains

Assimilation-

Teaching common ideas to native children and displacing them from their parents to integrate them into American Society

Americanization-

Forcing individuals into US Society and “Walk the White Man’s Road”

Zitkala Sa-

Forced into American Boarding School, banned from speaking native tongue and forced to forget/abandon culture

Tom Torlino-

Photographed before/after entering Carlisle Boarding School and the changes forced onto him

Charles Eastman-

First Native to be certified in western medicine, very vocal about ethnohistory, and American/Native affairs

Dawes Severalty Act (STAAR calls it the Dawes Act)-

Destroys communal ownership of native land

Role of female settlers in West-

-cook, clean, and keep the household stable enough to allow settler towns to flourish

Exodusters (African American migrants to the West who flee the south for a better life out west)-

Exodusters moved to the west in search of better opportunities and this migration was supported by the public because America expanded further west

Cowboys/Cattle Drives (We won't cover this in class, but the cattle industry is profitable and ongoing through this period)-

Cattle Drives were long trips taken by cowboys from the South to norther states that would pay a lot of money for beef.

Buffalo Tours-

Tours given to the public that used buffalos and hurt the natives diet by depleting their food source

“Indian Removal”-

The removal of Natives from their land and into reservations in order to expand the US and complete “manifest destiny”

Reservations-

Monitored and occupied area’s of land that were for the Natives to specifically use in exchange for their native land even though many were forced into the reservations

Native American Boarding Schools-

Boarding schools that hoped to assimilate the Native Americans by completely Americanizing them and preventing them from keeping their culture.

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)-

The Sand Creek Massacre was a surprise attack on the Natives by Chivington that included many brutal acts like severing fingers, removing genetalia, and killing many natives.

Black Kettle-

A Cheyenne leader that tried to keep peace with the American colonists before the Sand Creek Massacre occurred.

John Chivington-

The commander that lead the attack on Natives during Sand Creek Massacre

Fetterman Massacre (1866)-

a battle between native tribes and the US army which sparked anti-Indian sentiment while the native tribes were untied

General Custer-

A cavalry commander in the American Civil War and American Indian Wars

Battle of Little Bighorn (1867)-

a battle against the American army that was a win for the Natives

Crazy Horse-

A Sioux leader that helped lead the Sioux people against the white settlers who were colonizing the Native Americans

Sitting Bull-

a Sioux leader that helped keep culture alive by getting the tribe to perform the ghost dance

Ghost Dance-

a spiritual movement that predicted the unification of the native American tribes and the defeat of the American colonizers

Battle of Wounded Knee (1890)-

the final and deadly clash between the Sioux and the US army

Fredrick Jackson Turner-

a US Historian that studied the significance of the American frontier on the US