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DRUGS
Are any substances or chemicals which when taken into the body either though nasal, oral, transdermal or intravenous way have psychological, emotional and behavioral effects on a person.
DRUG OF ABUSE
•Are drugs commonly abused by users.
• In Philippines the three drugs of abuse are shabu, marijuana and inhalants.
DRUG DEPENDENCE
ls a cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity in which the use of a drug takes on a high priority thereby creating a strong desire to take the substance.
DRUG MISUSE
ls the use of a substance incoherent or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage or frequency of use.
DRUG ABUSE
ls the use of a substance for non-medical purposes. Abuse leads to organ damage like brain damage and liver damage, addiction and troubled behavioral patterns.
DRUG TOLERANCE
ls the condition of the body to adapt to the effects of substances to the body thus requiring an even larger amount of the substance to experience the same physiological and mental effect experienced when taking the smaller dosage.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE
• Lack of Parental supervision and support
• Strong peer pressure and curiosity
• Intense feelings of pleasure
• Relief from stress, anxiety and depression
• Increased physical and cognitive performance
RISK FACTORS
ARE THOSE INFLUENCES WHICH INCREASE THE CHANCES OF USING, MISUSING AND ABUSING DRUGS
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
ARE THOSE INFLUENCES WHICH DECREASE THE CHANCES OF USING, MISUSING AND ABUSING DRUGS.
FACTORS ARE COMPOSED OF INFLUENCES IN DIFFERENT DOMAINS OF LIFE
•PERSONAL
•SCHOOL
•FAMILY
•COMMUNITY
•PEER AND FRIENDS
PERSONAL (EARLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR VS. SELF CONTROL)
RISK FACTORS
• USE OF DRUGS AT AN EARLY AGE
• RISK TAKING BEHAVIOR
• EXPERIMENTATION
• POOR SOCIAL SKILLS AND INTERACTION
• CHILDHOOD PROBLEMS
• FEELINGS OF ISOLATION
PERSONAL (EARLY AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR VS. SELF CONTROL)
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
•Self-CONTROL BEHAVIOR
• GOOD REASONING SKILLS
• EXCELLENT SOCIAL SKILLS
• POSITIVE INTERACTION WITH PEOPLE
• SENSE OF BELONGING
FAMILY [WEAK PARENTAL GUIDANCE VS. STRONG PARENTAL GUIDANCE)
RISK FACTORS
• HISTORY AND PATTERNS OF DRUG USE
•INCONSISTENT FAMILY RULES
•POOR FAMILY VALUES
• ATTITUDE TOWARD DRUG USE
•POOR FAMILY TIES
• POOR PARENTING AND CHILDR REARING
FAMILY [WEAK PARENTAL GUIDANCE VS. STRONG PARENTAL GUIDANCE)
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
•GOOD COMMUNICATION WITH PEOPLE
•POSITIVE FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
• CLEAR AND CONSISTENT FAMILY RULES
•STRONG FAMILY VALUES
•POSITIVE EXPECTATION TO CHILD'S SUCCESS IN FAMILY, SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY
•RELIANCE ON FAMILY FOR EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
PEERS AND FRIENDS (SUBSTANCE ABUSE VS. ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE)
RISK FACTORS
•ASSOCIATION WITH PEERS AND FRIENDS KNOWN TO USE GATEWAY DRUGS (CIGARETTES AND ALCOHOL)
•PREFERENCE TO STAY WITH PEERS AND FRIENDS THAN WITH FAMILY
PEERS AND FRIENDS (SUBSTANCE ABUSE VS. ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE)
PROACTIVE FACTOR
•ASSOCIATION WITH PEERS AND FRIENDS WHO DO NOT USE GATEWAY DRUGS
•FORMATION OF FRIENDSHIPS
•RELIANCE ON FRIENDS FOR EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
• INVITING FRIENDS AT HOME TO KNOW THE FAMILY
SCHOOL CAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS VS. STRONG ANTI-DRUG POLICIES)
RISK FACTORS
• POOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
• LACK OF COMMITMENT TO
STUDIES
• POOR ATTENDANCE IN SCHOOL
• INVOLVEMENT IN FIGHTS AND
CONFLICTS
SCHOOL CAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS VS. STRONG ANTI-DRUG POLICIES)
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
• GOOD TO EXCELLENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
• JOINS EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AND SCHOOL ORGANIZATIONS
• SHOWS INTEREST IN ATTENDING CLASSES
CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS
1. GATEWAY DRUGS
2. DEPRESSANTS
3. STIMULANTS
4. NARCOTICS
5. HALLUCINOGENS
6. INHALANTS
GATEWAY DRUGS
• ARE LEGAL DRUGS THAT A NON-DRUG USER MIGHT TRY, WHICH CAN LEAD HIM/HER TO MORE DANGEROUS DRUGS SUCH AS MARIJUANA AND SHABU.
• TEENAGERS WHO ENGAGE IN EARLY SMOKING & DRINKING HAVE HIGHER CHANCE OF USING AND EXPERIMENTING WITH DANGEROUS DRUGS OF ABUSE.
DEPRESSANT DRUGS
• SLOWS DOWN A PERSONS CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM (BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, NERVES).
• DOCTORS COMMONLY PRESCRIBE DEPRESSANTS TO HELP PEOPLE WHO HAVE ANGER MANAGEMENT ISSUES, STRESSED OR TENSED.
• DEPRESSANTS RELAX MUSCLES AND NERVES.
• THESE DRUGS MAKE PATIENTS FEEL SLEEPY AND LIGHT HEADED.
STIMULANT DRUGS
•SPEED UP A PERSONS CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM.
•HAS THE OPPOSITE EFFECT OF DEPRESSANTS.
•MAKES A PERSON'S ENERGY HIGH
•SIDE EFFECTS ARE DEPRESSION AND
TIREDNESS.
NARCOTICS
• ARE DRUGS WHICH RELIEVE PAIN AND INDUCE SLEEPINESS.
• THESE ARE PRESCRIBED TO PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS OR WITH PATIENTS DEALING WITH SEVERE PAIN LIKE CANCER.
• THESE DRUGS ARE ILLICIT AND DANGEROUS IF TAKEN.
HALLUCINOGENS
• DRUGS WHICH DISTORT REALITY AND FACTS.
• AFFECTS ALL SENSES; MAKES A USER FEEL, HEAR, SEE THINGS THAT DON’T EXIST IN THE TIME BEING.
• CAME FROM THE WORD HALLUCINATE (TO PERCEIVE ILLUSIONS)
INHALANTS
• FOUND IN ORDINARY HOUSEHOLD CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS AND ANESTHETICS.
• READILY AVAILABLE AND ACCESSIBLE TO YOUNG CHILDREN.
• INHALANT TOXINS ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF ALCOHOL, THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IS THE FOUL SMELL.
• ABUSE CAN LEAD TO DELUSIONS, BRAIN DAMAGE, LIVER DAMAGE, COMATOSE AND DEATH.
REQUIREMENTS
• APPLICATION FOR DRUG DEPENDENCY EXAMINATION
• APPLICATION FOR POLICE CLEARANCE AND BARANGAY CLEARANCE
• APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATE OF NO PENDING CASE FROM THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
ECLECTIC APPROACH
•HOLISTIC APPROACH
•ADDRESSES DIFFERENT PERSONALITY ASPECTS
SPIRITUAL APPROACH
•USES BIBLE TEACHINGS
•RENEWAL OF CONNECTION WITH GOD
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY APPROACH
PROGRAM WHEREIN THE COMMUNITY IS USED TO FOSTER CHANGE IN ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR
HAZELDEN-MINE-SOTTA MODEL
PROGRAMS THAT USES INSTRUCTIVE LECTURES, COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY
MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM APPROACH
• UTILIZES PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND SERVICES OF A TEAM
• PSYCHIATRISTS, PSYCHOLOGISTS, THERAPISTS
DRUG ADDICTION
• Also called substance use disorder, is a disease that affects a person's brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of a legal or illegal drug or medicine.
•Substances such as alcohol, marijuana and nicotine also are considered drugs. When you're addicted, you may continue using the drug despite the harm it causes
Addiction begins with the hope that something 'out there' can instantly fill up the emptiness inside.
JEAN KILBOURNE
SYMPTOMS
•Feeling that you have to use the drug regularly — daily or even several times a day.
• Having intense urges for the drug that block out any other thoughts
•Over time, needing more of the drug to get the same effect
•Taking larger amounts of the drug over a longer period of time than you intended
•Making certain that you maintain a supply of the drug
SYMPTOMS
•Spending money on the drug, even though you can't afford it
• Not meeting obligations and work responsibilities, or cutting back on social or recreational activities because of drug use
• Continuing to use the drug, even though you know it's causing problems in your life or causing you physical or psychological harm.
• Doing things to get the drug that you normally wouldn't do, such as stealing.
• Driving or doing other risky activities when you're under the influence of the drug
SYMPTOMS
• Spending a good deal of time getting the drug, using the drug or recovering from the effects of the drug
• Failing in your attempts to stop using the drug
•Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you attempt to stop taking the drug
Problems at school or work
frequently missing school or work, a sudden disinterest in school activities or work, or a drop in grades or work performance.
Physical health issues
lack of energy and motivation, weight loss or gain
Neglected Appearance
lack of interest in clothing, grooming or looks
Changes in behavior
major efforts to bar family members from entering the teenager's room or being secretive about going out with friends; or drastic changes in behavior and in relationships with family and friends.
Money issues
sudden requests for money without a reasonable explanation; or your discovery that money is missing or has been stolen or that items have disappeared from your home, indicating maybe they're being sold to support drug use
Marijuana, hashish and other cannabis-containing substances
People use cannabis by smoking, eating or inhaling a vaporized form of the drug. Cannabis often precedes or is used along with other substances, such as alcohol or illegal drugs, and is often the first drug tried
Signs and symptoms of recent use can
● A sense of euphoria or feeling "high"
●A heightened sense of visual, auditory and taste perception
●Increased blood pressure and heart rate
●Red eyes
●Dry mouth
●Decreased coordination
●Difficulty concentrating or remembering
●Slowed reaction time
●Anxiety or paranoid thinking
●Cannabis odor on clothes or yellow fingertips
Long-term use is often associated
●Decreased mental sharpness
●Poor performance at school or at work
●Ongoing cough and frequent lung infections
Two groups of synthetic drugs
• synthetic cannabinoids and
• substituted or synthetic cathinones
Synthetic cannabinoids
also called K2 or Spice
Substituted cathinones,
bath salts
Barbiturates, benzodiazepines and hypnotics
Prescription central nervous system depressants. They're often used and misused in search for a sense of relaxation or a desire to "switch off" or forget stress-related thoughts or feelings.
Club Drugs
commonly used at clubs, concerts and parties
Hallucinogens
Use of hallucinogens can produce different signs and symptoms, depending on the drug. The most common hallucinogens are lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP)
Inhalants
Signs and symptoms of inhalant use vary, depending on the substance. Some commonly inhaled substances include glue, paint thinners, correction fluid, felt tip marker fluid, gasoline, cleaning fluids and household aerosol products. Due to the toxic nature of these substances, users may develop brain damage or sudden death.
Opioid Painkillers
painkilling drugs produced from opium or made synthetically. This class of drugs includes, among others, heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone, fentanyl and oxycodone.
Complications
Drug use can have significant and damaging short-term and long-term effects. Taking some drugs can be particularly risky, especially if you take high doses or combine them with other drugs or alcohol. Here are some examples.
Methamphetamine, opiates and cocaine
highly addictive and cause multiple short-term and long-term health consequences, including psychotic behavior, seizures or death due to overdose. Opioid drugs affect the part of the brain that controls breathing, and overdose can result in death. Taking opioids with alcohol increases this risk.
GHB and flunitrazepam
cause sedation, confusion and memory loss. These so-called "date rape drugs" are known to impair the ability to resist unwanted contact and recollection of the event. At high doses, they can cause seizures, coma and death. The danger increases when these drugs are taken with alcohol.
MDMA
also known as molly or ecstasy ― can interfere with the body's ability to regulate temperature. A severe spike in body temperature can result in liver, kidney or heart failure and death. Other complications can include severe dehydration, leading to seizures. Long-term, MDMA can damage the brain
toxic nature of inhalants
users may develop brain damage of different levels of severity. Sudden death can occur even after a single exposure.
Getting an infectious disease
People who are addicted to a drug are more likely to get an infectious disease, such as HIV, either through unsafe sex or by sharing needles with others.
Accidents
People who are addicted to drugs are more likely to drive or do other dangerous activities while under the influence.
Suicide
People who are addicted to drugs die by suicide more often than people who aren't addicted.
Family Problems
Behavioral changes may cause relationship or family conflict and custody issues.
Work Issues
Drug use can cause declining performance at work, absenteeism and eventual loss of employment.
Problem at school
Drug use can negatively affect academic performance and motivation to excel in school.
Legal Issue
Legal problems are common for drug users and can stem from buying or possessing illegal drugs, stealing to support the drug addiction, driving while under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or disputes over child custody.
Financial Problem
Spending money to support drug use takes away money from other needs, could lead to debt, and can lead to illegal or unethical behaviors.
PREVENTION
The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. If your health care provider prescribes a drug with the potential for addiction, use care when taking the drug and follow instructions.
PREVENTION
Health care providers should prescribe these medicines at safe doses and amounts and monitor their use so that you're not given too great a dose or for too long a time. If you feel you need to take more than the prescribed dose of a medicine, talk to your health care provider.
