Crime Analysis Types and Criminal Typology Evaluation Process

Crime analysis

Using data to understand crime patterns and help police decisions.

Tactical crime analysis

Short-term, immediate problems (e.g., patterns, series).

Strategic crime analysis

Long-term trends, resource planning.

Administrative crime analysis

Reports for management, grants, public info.

Investigative crime analysis

Supports detectives (timelines, link charts).

criminal typology evaluation process (CTEP)

Framework to categorize offenders by behavior, motivation, and patterns.

-helps predict future behaviors and guide interventions

GIS

technology that maps crime by location

crime mapping

shows where and when crime clusters happen

crime displacement

crimes move somewhere else because of interventions

diffusion of benefits

Crime prevention spreads to nearby areas even if not targeted

hot spot policing

-Focuses police resources in small areas with high crime.

-Works best when: officers stay long enough, use problem-solving, and combine enforcement + community approaches.

-Strong evidence it reduces crime.

experimental designs

-Random assignment

-Treatment vs control groups

-Measures cause & effect

-Highest internal validity

quasi-experimental design

-No random assignment

-Comparison groups instead

-Uses matching or statistical controls

-Lower internal validity but more realistic in field settings

Boston Gun Project: Operation cease fire

-Focused deterrence strategy targeting youth gun violence.

-targeted specific offenders & direct communication with them

-provided rehabilitation services

-focused on certainty of punishment

pulling levers policing

-Identify high-risk groups (gangs).

-Give clear message: violence = immediate, certain consequences.

-Offer help (services) + strict enforcement.

a lever in pulling lever policing

-A "lever" = any legal tool the police can use (probation checks, warrants, federal charges, parole violations, etc.).

result of ceasefire

major reductions in youth homicide

broken windows theory

-Visible disorder (graffiti, trash, vandalism) leads to more crime.

-Fixing minor problems prevents bigger ones.

-Criticized for over-policing low-level offenses.

collective efficacy

-Community's ability to work together + intervene in problems.

-High collective efficacy → less crime.

-Based on trust and shared norms.

factors that influence success of policing oriented policing

-Clear problem definition

-Use of data and root-cause analysis

-Tailored responses (not one-size-fits-all)

-Collaboration with community and partners

-Ongoing evaluation & adjustment

factors that influence failure of policing oriented policing

-Weak analysis or vague problem definition

-Relying only on enforcement

-Poor communication with community

-Lack of follow-through or evaluation

-Limited leadership or officer buy-in