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Oxygenation
Hemoglobin
protein in RBC’s that bind to oxygen and carries it from the lungs to body’s tissue
Ventilation
the process of moving air in and out of the lungs, measured by RR.
Work of Breathing
effort required to inhale and exhale air, influenced by lung compliance and airway resistance,
Inspiration
active process of drawing air into lungs, resulting in increased pressure compared to atmospheric pressure.
Compliance
ability of the lungs to expand and contract. high compliance = easy lung expansion. low compliance = indicates stiffness.
Expiration
passive or active process of expelling air from the lungs, resulting in increased pressured compared to atmospheric pressure.
Airway resistance
resistance to airflow w/in the respiratory tract, influenced by the diameter of the airways.
Diffusion
process of gas exchange where O2 moves from alveoli into blood & CO2 moves from blood into alveoli.
Perfusion
flow of blood through the pulmonary capilaries, essential for the exchange of gases in the lungs.
Atelectasis
collapse or closure of a lung or part lung, leading to reduced gas exchange.
Anemia
condition characterized by a deficiency of RBC’s or hemoglobin, resulting in reduced oxygen transport capacity.
Hypercapnia
elevated level of carbon dioxide in the blood, often due to inadequate ventilation
Hyperventilation
increased rate and depth of breathing that leads to excessive elimination of CO2 from the body.
Hypoventilation
decreased rate and depth of breathing resulting in inadequate ventilation and retension of CO2
Bradypnea
abnormally slow respiratory rate, typically less than 12 bpm
Tachypnea
abnormally rapid respiratory rate, typically greater than 20 bpm
Eupnea
normal, unlabored breathing at a rate of 12 to 20 bmp
Apnea
temporary cessation of breathing, which can be life threatning if prolonged
Hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in the tissues, leading to impaired cellular function
Hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood, often measured by arterial blood gas levels (paO2)`
Cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood.
Dyspnea
subjective feeling of shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Hemoptysis
coughing up blood or blood stained sputum from the respiratory tract
Alveoli
tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, allowing oxygen toend the blood andn CO2 to be expelled
Wheezing
high pitched whistling sound during breathing, often cause by narrowed airways due to conditions like asthma or COPD
COPD
progressive lung disease charecterized byairflow limitation, commonly cause by smoking and includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Triggers
environmental or physiological factors that provoke or worsen respiratory symptoms, such as allergens, smoke, or exercise.
pursed lip breathing
breathing technique that involves inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips, helping improve ventilation& reduced SOB
Diaphragmatic breathing
technique that focuses on using the diaphragm for deep breathing, promoting better oxygen exchange and reducing respiratory effort.
Asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
Brochodilators
medications that relax and widen the airways, making it easier to breath, commonly used in asthma and COPD management.
Corticosteroids
anti-inflammatory medication used to reduce airway inflammation and improving breathin in conditions liek asthma and COPD
Thrush
fungal infection in mouth caused by Candida, which cna occur in individuals using inhaled corticosteroids due to reduced immune response.
Diagnostics
CXR:imaging test used to visualized the lungs and chest structures, helping diagnose respiratory conditions.
Pleural or pleuretic
reffering to the pleura, membrane surrounding the lungs pleuretic pain is sharp pain chest, worsens with breathing or choughing.
Pluritis
inflammation of pleura, often causing sharp chest pain and difficultly breathing, typically, associated w/infection or other lung conditions.
